A [^Top]

abadesa, f., abbess.

abanicar, v.t., to fan.

abeja, f., bee.

abismo, m., abyss, chasm.

ablandar, v.t., to soften.

abochornarse, v.refl., to blush.

abogado, m., lawyer, advocate.

abonar, v.t., to pay; to warrant, to give security.

absolutismo, m., absolutism.

absoluto, ta, adj., absolute, unlimited. cf. licencia.

acá, adv., here, hither;
por —, hither, this way.

Académico, m., academician;
— correspondiente de la Historia, corresponding member of the Academy of History, see note [44].

acariciar, v.t., to caress.

acaso, conj., perhaps, perchance.

acaudalado, da, adj., wealthy.

accidental, adj., incidental.

aceite, m., oil;
pan de —, see note [104]

acento, m., accent, tone.

acentuar, v.t., to mark.

acepto, ta, adj., agreeable, welcome, acceptable.

acequia, f., watercourse.

acercarse, v.refl., to approach, to draw near.

acero, m., steel.

acertar, v. n., to hit it right, to be right; to manage, to succeed.

acomodar, v.t., to suit, to please.

acompañante, m., companion, escort.

acompañar, v.t., to accompany.

aconsejar, v.t., to counsel, to advise.

acontecer, v.i., to happen.

acordarse, v.refl., to remember.

acostumbrado, da, adj., accustomed, used.

actitud, f., attitude, posture, gesture.

acto, m., act;
en el —, forthwith, immediately.

actual, adj., present.

acueducto, m., aqueduct, conduit.

acuerdo, m., agreement, consent, accord;
estar de —, to be in accord, to be of one mind, to be agreed.

adecuado, da, adj., appropriate, pat.

ademán, m., gesture, bearing.

adivinar, v.t. and v.i., to guess, to divine.

admitir, v.t., to admit; to consent; to accept.

advertir, v.t., to notice, to note; to inform; to warn.

afán, m., labour, effort.

afanado, da, adj., suffering, hard-working, overworked.

afectar, v.t., to affect, to feign, to make show of.

afecto, m., affection, passion, desire.

afectuoso, sa, adj., affectionate, gentle.

aficionado, da, adj., devoted (to), fond (of).

afilado, da, adj., (part. afilar), slender.

afligir, v.t., to afflict;
afligido, da, pp. as adj. afflicted.

afrancesado, da, adj., like the French, Frenchified; partisan of the French.

afrenta, f., affront, dishonor, outrage.

afuera, adv., without, outside.

agacharse, v.refl., to stoop, to squat, to crouch; to bend, to bow.

agarrar, v.t., to catch hold, hold tight;
estar bien agarrado, to have a good hold; to pick up (of a chair); to get hold of.

agasajar, v.t., to entertain hospitably, to pamper.

agasajo, m., caress.

ágil, adj., spry, agile.

agilísimo, ma, adj., very spry, very agile.

agitar, v.t., to agitate, to trouble, to quicken.

agotar, v.t., to exhaust.

agradable, adj., agreeable.

agradar, v.i., to please, to charm.

agravio, m., insult.

agregar, v.t., to add.

agrupar, v.t., to group;
agrupado, da, pp. as adj. grouped.

agua, f., water.
la boca hecha un —, his mouth is watering.

aguantarse, v.refl., to be patient, to keep oneself in hand.

aguardar, v.t., to await, to wait for.

agüero, m., omen, augury.

águila, f., eagle.

ahí, adv., here;
hasta —, thus far;
de —, from here; there.

ahogar, v.t., to stifle, to smother;
—se, v.refl., to drown, to be drowning; to smother, to be smothering.

ahorcar, v.t., to hang; to hang up.

ahorrar, v.t., to save;
—se, v.refl., to save, to save up, to hoard.

aire, m., air;
los aires, air, upper air.

ajeno, na, adj., another’s; of, belonging to another.

ajustar, v.t., to adjust, to settle.

ala, f., wing;
tener —s, to have freedom, license, assurance, standing.

alabastrino, na, adj., alabaster, alabastrine.

alambre, m., wire;
patas de —, spindle-shanks.

alargar, v.t., to pass, to hand; to bring; to hold out, to extend.

alba, f., dawn.

albañil, m., mason.

albarca, f., (more usual form abarca), a rough sort of shoe or sandal; see note [150].

alcabala, f., excise tax.

alcahuete, m., pander, procurer.

alcalde, m., mayor;
— de monterilla, see monterilla and note [123].
—sa, f., mayoress, wife of alcalde.

alcance, m., reach.

alcanzar, v.t., to reach, to attain; to extend, to succeed, to reach; to overtake.

alcoba, f., bedroom, bedchamber.

alcurnia, f., race, lineage, family.

aldaba, f., handle; knocker;
tener buenas —s, to have a good “pull.”

aldabón, m., knocker (large).

aldea, f., hamlet (small village, large farm).

aleccionar, v.t., to instruct.

alegrar, v.t., to rejoice, to make glad, to give pleasure to;
—se, v.refl., to be glad, to be pleased; to rejoice, to be glad.

Alemania, f. n. pr., Germany.

alepín, m., bombazine, fine woolen cloth.

alfiler, m., pin.

alguacil, m., bailiff, constable.

alimaña, f., scum, rabble.

alimento, m., food.

alma, f., soul;
de mi —, beloved.

almagre, m., ochre.

almendra, f., almond.

almohada, f., pillow, cushion.

almohadón, m., pillow, large cushion.

almorzar, v.t., to breakfast on, to eat for breakfast.

almuerzo, m., breakfast, luncheon; see note [21].

alpargata, f., rough sandal see note [67].

alpujarreño, ña, adj., of or from Alpujarras.

alrededor de, prep., around.

alternado, da, adj., alternate.

altura, f., height.

aludir, v.i., to allude.

alumbrado, m., lighting.

alumbrar, v.t., to light, to illuminate, to show a light.

alzarse, v.refl., to rise.

allá, adv., there, thither, yonder;
¡— ellos!, that’s their business.

allende, prep., beyond.

ama, f., mistress;
— de leche, wet nurse.

amable, adj., kind, good.

amanecer, v.i., to dawn.
—, m., daybreak, dawn.

amansarse, v.refl., to become mild, to grow mild, to grow gentle; to be pacified.

amante, m., lover.

amargura, f., bitterness.

amarillento, ta, adj., yellowish, growing yellow.

amarillo, lla, adj., yellow.

amasar, v.t., to knead, to bake.

amenaza, f., threat.

amenizar, v.t., to adorn, to make charming.

amistoso, sa, adj., friendly.

amo, m., master;
—s, pl., master and mistress.

amor, m., love;
al — de la lumbre, in the glow of the fire.

amoroso, sa, adj., amorous, loving;
estratagema —a, love-stratagem.

amparar, v.t., to protect.

amparo, m., protection; defence, refuge.

Ana, Santa —, f. npr., St. Anne.

ancho, cha, adj., wide, broad;
a sus —as, at their ease, at their leisure.

andadas, f. pl., traces, tracks of game; see note [27].

Andalucía, f. npr., Andalusia.

andaluz, adj., Andalusian.

andarín, m., fast walker, nimble fellow.

anfitrión, m., host.

ángel, m., angel.

angosto, ta, adj., narrow; tight, close-fitting, scant.

angustia, f., anguish.

angustiado, da, adj., heart-broken.

anillo, m., ring.

Ánimas, fpl., the tolling of a bell, to announce prayers for souls in purgatory; usually shortly after sunset. See note [24].

ansiar, v.t., to long for, to desire.

antecesor, m., predecessor.

Antecristo, m., Antichrist.

Anteo, m. npr., Antaeus; See note [161].

anterior, adj., preceding.

anticipación, f., anticipation;
habían llegado con bastante —, had arrived considerably ahead, before.

anticiparse, v.refl., to forestall.

anticuado, da, adj., antiquated, grown old; discarded; former, old-time.

antigüedad, f., antiquity.

antiguo, gua, adj., old; old-time, former.

antojarse, v.refl. (used only in the third person), to wish, to be pleasing;
como se te antoje, as you will, any way you please.

antonomasia, f., antonomasia, use of characterizing word in place of a proper name (e.g., guisado for stew).

anunciar, v.t., to inform, to declare.

añadir, v.t., to add.

aparato, m., preparation.

apareado, da, adj., paired.

aparecer, v.i., to appear, to show oneself.

aparejar, v.t., to prepare, to get ready; to saddle.

aparición, f., appearance.

apartar, v.t., to put aside, to push aside, push away;
apartada, pp., standing aside, apart;
—se, v.refl., to go aside, turn aside, turn from.

aparte, adv., apart, aside.

apearse, v.refl., to dismount, to get down.

apegado, da, adj., attached, clinging, devoted.

aplacerse, v.refl., to take pleasure.

aplicar, v.t., to apply.

apoderado, m., plenipotentiary.

apoderarse, v.refl., to gain possession, to get into one’s power (de).

aposento, m., room.

apoyar, v.t., to lean, to rest.

apreciar, v.t., to reckon.

aprecio, m., esteem.

apremiante, adj., urgent.

apresurarse, v.refl., to hasten, to make haste.

aprovechar, v.t., to take advantage of, to make use of, to turn to account, to profit by, etc.

apuntar, v.t., to aim at, to cover.

apurar, v.t., to drain.

apuro, m., trouble, trial, difficulty, need.

Archena, f., Archena (See note [127] – town of Spain, on the Segura, 16 miles N. W. of Murcia).

arder, v.i., to burn, to glow.

ardid, m., deceit, deception.

argentino, na, adj., silvery.

armarse, v.refl., to break out, to begin.

arqueado, da, adj., bent, bowed;
piernas —as, bow-legs, bandy-legs.

arracada, f., pendant, earring.

arranque, m., arch, curve.

arrastrar, v.t., to drag; cf. sacar.

¡arre! interj., get up! (call used to draught animals).

arrear, v.t., to drive, to urge (horses, etc.); cf. arre.

arrebatar, v.t., to snatch.

arremangar, v.t., to pull up the sleeves;
arremangado, pp., with brazo, uncovered, bare, short-sleeved.

arrestado, da, adj., confined, in custody.

arrestar, v.t., to arrest.

arriesgar, v.t., to risk.

arrimar, v.t., to lean;
arrimado, pp., leaning;
le arrimó una bofetada, dealt him a blow;
—se, v.refl., to lean.

arriscado, da, adj., bold, dashing.

arroba, f., unit of dry/liquid measure, see note [165].

arrogante, adj., arrogant, proud (applied to stature).

arrogantemente, adv., boldly, impertinently.

arrojar, v.t., to throw, to throw down.

arrollar, v.t., to roll up.

arrugado, da, adj., wrinkled.

arruinarse, v.refl., to become bankrupt, to be ruined.

artero, ra, adj., sly, crafty.

artísticamente, adv., artistically.

asado, da, adj., roasted, roast.

asador, m., spit.

asalto, m., assault, storm, storming.

asegurar, v.t., to secure, to make fast, to fasten.

asesinar, v.t., to assassinate, to murder, to kill.

asesino, m., assassin, murderer.

asiento, m., seat, place.

asistir, v.i., to be present, to attend.

asmático, ca, adj., asthmatic.

asomar, v.t., to show, to thrust out, to project;
asomada, pp., leaning from, appearing at;
asomarse a, v.refl., to lean over.

asombrarse, v.refl., to be astonished.

asombro, m., astonishment.

asomo, m., suspicion, conjecture;
ni por —, not in their wildest dreams; don’t dream of it.

asuntillo, m., little matter, little affair.

asunto, m., matter, business;
— reservado, private matter, secret matter;
vamos al —, we’ll come to the point, let’s get to business.

asustarse, v.refl., to be frightened, to be afraid, to take fright.

atar, v.t., to bind; to tie.

aterrado, da, adj. (pp. of aterrar), thunderstruck, dumbfounded.

atiborrado, da, adj. (pp. of atiborrar, to stuff with wool), stuffed.

atildamiento, m., neatness, carefulness, elegance.

atrapar, v.t., to catch.

atravesar, v.t., to break off, to interrupt, to shut off; to cut across; to cross;
—se, v.refl., to interpose, to come between.

atreverse, v.refl., to dare, to venture, to be impertinent;
no se atrevía con su mujer, he dared not face his wife, dared not stand up to his wife.

atrevido, da, adj., bold, daring.

atrio, m., outer courtyard.

atrocidad, f., atrocity.

atropellar, v.t., to override, to thrust aside, to force.

atroz, adj., atrocious, frightful, horrible.

aturdir, v.t., to deafen.

ausencia, f., absence.

austero, ra, adj., stern, rigid.

Austria, f., npr., Austria.

austriaco, ca, adj., Austrian.

auto sacramental, m., religious play, (see note [26]).

auxiliar, v.t., to help, to assist.

auxilio, m., help.

avanzado, da, adj., advanced.

avanzar, v.i., to advance, to proceed, to go forward, to come forward.

ave, f., bird.

aventajar, v.t., to surpass.

aventura, f., adventure.

avergonzado, da, adj., ashamed.

averiguar, v.t., to inquire into, to investigate.

aviado, da, adj., ill-situated;
estar —, to be in a hole, to be in a pretty pickle.

avieso, sa, adj., irregular, crooked; evil, malicious.

avío, m., preparation, equipment;
—s de fumar, smoking materials.

avisado, da, adj., clever, wide-awake.

avisar, v.t., to inform.

aviso, m., information.

avivar, v.t., to enliven, to animate, to make piquant.

¡ay! interj., alas, oh, alack, etc.;
¡ay de…!, alas for, woe to.

ayudar, v.t., to help, to assist.

ayunar, v.i., to fast.

ayuntamiento, m., municipal council; town hall.

azucena, f., lily, white lily.

azul, adj., blue; (See also oro).

B [^Top]

baboso, sa, adj., slobbering, drooling, driveling.

bachillera, f., chatterbox.

bachillería, f., chatter, chattering;
déjate de —s, stop your nonsense.

bachillero, m., talker, chatterer.

badulaque, m., jackanapes, idiot, blockhead.

bajar, v.t., to take down, bring down, carry down; v.i., to go down, to get down, to descend;
—se, v.refl., to come down, to descend.

bajo, ja, adj., low; small (of stature);
por lo —, in a low tone;
cabeza —, head bowed, head bent.

bala, f., bullet, ball.

balancearse, v.refl., to sway.

balbucear, v.i., to stammer, to stutter.

balcón, m., casement; see note [153].

balde, m., pail, bucker;
de —, adv., free, gratis, without price;
en —, adv., in vain.

banda, f., side, edge (of road).

bandolero, m., highwayman, robber, brigand.

bañarse, v.refl., to bathe, to take a bath.

baño, m., bath.

baqueta, f., ramrod.

baraja, f., pack of cards.

baraúnda, f., tumult, confusion, hubbub.

barba, f., chin.

bárbaro, m., barbarian, savage, monster.

barbilampiño, ña, adj., thin-bearded, sparse of beard.

barra, f., bar.

barrer, v.t., to sweep.

barriga, f., belly.

basilisco, m., basilisk.

¡basta! interj., enough! that will do!

bastar, v.i., to be enough, to be sufficient.

Bastián, m., Bastían, Sebastian.

bastón, m., stick, staff;
— de autoridad, staff of office.

bastonazo, m., blow with or from a stick.

batida, f., hunt, chase.

batista, f., batiste, muslin.

bautismo, m., baptism.

bautizo, m., baptism.

Baza, f. npr., Baza, town about 65 miles north-east of Granada on the road to Murcia; See note [168].

beldad, f., beauty.

belleza, f., beauty.

bello, lla, adj., beautiful.

bendecir, v.t., to bless.

bendición, f., benediction, blessing.

bendito, ta, adj., blessed, holy;
una bendita, a saint.

berrear, v.i., to bellow (like a calf).

bestia, f., beast; animal; beast of burden.

bicho, m., beast, vermin.

bien, adv., well; very; about;
hombre de —, honest man, man of honor;
mujer de —, honest woman, virtuous woman;
no —, scarcely, as soon as;
o —, or else.
— que, conj., although, though.

bizcocho, m., biscuit, cracker, zwieback.

biznieta, f., great-granddaughter.

blanco, ca, adj., white; cf. carta.

blanquear, v.t., to whitewash.

blonda, f., lace.

boca, f., mouth;
— del estómago, pit of the stomach;
de manos a —, suddenly, unexpectedly;
sin decir esta — es mía, without speaking a word;
— sumida, drawn lips;
— hecha un agua, mouth all watering;
— arriba, face up;
— abajo, face down;
caer de —, to fall on the face, to fall flat.

bocacha, f., blunderbuss.

boda, f., wedding.

bodega, f., wine-cellar.

bofetada, f., blow, buffet; slap, slapping.

bofetón, m., blow, cuff.

bola, f., ball;
¡dale, —!, the same old story! there he goes again!

boletín, m., bulletin.

bombardeo, m., bombardment.

Bonaparte, npr., (Napoleon) Bonaparte.

bondadoso, sa, adj., kindly, kind-hearted.

bonito, ta, adj., pretty.

boquerón, m., anchovy.

Borbón, npr., Bourbon.

bordado, m., embroidery.

bordar, v.t., to embroider.

borde, m., edge, brink.

borla, f., tassel.

borracho, m., drunkard.

borrachón, m., drunkard.

borrar, v.t., to erase.

borrasca, f., squall, storm, tempest.

borrica, f., she-ass, jenny.

bostezar, v.i., to yawn.

bostezo, m., yawn.

bramar, v.i., to roar, to bellow.

brazado, m., armful.

brazo, m., arm.

brillar, v.i., to shine.

brinco, m., leap, bound, spring.

brindar, v.t., to offer.

brisca, f., brisca, a game of cards; see note [61].

broma, f., joke, jest; see note [60];
dejar la —, to put jesting aside;
no estoy para —s, I’m in no mood for joking.

bruja, f., witch.

brujería, f., witchcraft.

Bruselas, fpl. npr., Brussels.

bruto, ta, adj., coarse, ugly;
en —, in the rough.

bú, m., bogey, bugbear.

bueno, na, adj., good; kind;
tanto —, so much kindness, so great an honor, see note [87];
buena moza, fine lass; cf. moza;
—, a good one, a fine one.

bufete, m., desk, writing-table.

bufón, —na, adj., merry; ludicrous, comical, funny.

bufonada, f., buffoonery; scurrility; practical joke.

bulto, m., form, mass;
escurrir el —, to slip away.

burlarse (de), v.refl., to mock, to make fun of.

burro, m., ass, donkey;
burra, f., she-ass, donkey.

busca, f., search.

buscar, v.t., to seek, to look for; to look up, to find.

C [^Top]

¡ca! interj., humph, not by a good deal, not any.

¡calla! interj., hark! look! hush!

¡corriente! interj., all right! understood!

cabalgador, dora, adj., riding.

caballería, f., chivalry; riding horse, mount; any animal commonly used for riding.

caballero, m., gentleman; in direct address, Sir.

caballero, ra, adj., mounted, riding.

caballo, m., horse.

cabecera, f., bolster.

cabecero, m., lintel, head-piece (of a door), head (of a bed).

caber, v.i., to fall to one’s share, to fall to; to have room, to have space;
no cabe duda, there is no room for doubt, there can be no doubt.

cabeza, f., head;
de —, headlong, headfirst.

cabildo, m., town council, council. See also sala.

cabo, m., end, extreme;
al —, at last;
al — de, at the end of, after.

cabra, f., goat.

cabrero, m., goatherd.

cachorrillo, m., small pistol, bulldog.

caer, v.i., to fall;
—se, v.refl., to fall, to fall down, to fall over;
se cae de su peso, it is self-evident, it goes without saying.

caída, f., fall.

caja, f., box; snuff-box.

calado, da, adj., soaked, drenched.

calamitoso, sa, adj., unhappy, miserable, ill-fated.

calavera, m., rake, debauchee; skeleton.

calceta, f., understocking (a sort of legging, worn next the skin, and reaching to the knee);
hacer —, to knit.

calentar, v.t., to warm.

calidad, f., quality.

callado, da, adj., silent, still, kept silent, suppressed.

callar, v.t., to suppress, to pass over in silence; v.i., to be silent, to remain silent, to cease speaking.

calle, f., street.

callejón, m., alley, lane;
— sin salida, blind alley, cul de sac.

calma, f., calm, calmness.

calmar, v.t., to calm, to allay.

calzado, da, adj., shod.

calzar, v.t., to carry (said of the calibre of a gun).

calzón, m., breeches, trousers.

cámara, f., bedroom, bedchamber.

camarada, m., comrade, companion.

cambiar, v.t., to exchange, to change;
—, v.i., to change.

cambio, m., change, exchange;
en —, in exchange, on the other hand.

caminar, v.i., to go, to travel; to walk.

camino, m., way, road;
— carretero, cart road, wagon road;
de —, on the way;
en — de, on the way to, in the way of.

campanilla, f., little bell;
persona de —s, important person, personage.

campaña, f., campaign;
salir a —, to take the field.

campear, v.i., to hold the field, to shine forth, to be prominent, to be in evidence.

campesino, na, adj., rustic, country, peasant.

campestre, adj., rustic, rural.

campo, m., field, open field, country, countryside;
a — travieso, across country.

canción, f., song; refrain.

candeal, adj., white (wheat or bread);
trigo —, winter wheat.

candela, f., candle, light, fire.

candil, m., lamp.

canónigo, m., canon.

cántaro, m., pitcher, wine measure.

cantidad, f., quantity; sum.

canturriar, v.t., to hum (a tune).

caña, f., cane, reed;
— de Indias, bamboo cane.

cañada, f., hollow way, narrow pass.

caño, m., pipe.

cañón, m., barrel, gun-barrel.

capa, f., cape, cloak;
— de grana, scarlet cloak; See note [68].

capaz, adj., capable.

capilla, f., chapel; See note [130].

capitación, f., poll-tax.

capitular, m., capitular, member of ecclesiastical chapter.

capote, m., waterproof, cloak;
— de monte, short buttoned overcoat.

captar, v.t., to gain, to capture.

cara, f., face, countenance;
tomar la —, to chuck under the chin.

carácter, m., character; characteristic
—es, pl., character.

caracterizado, da, adj., distinguished, esteemed.

carbón, m., coal, charcoal; bone black.

carcajada, f., laughter, violent laughter, burst of laughter.

cárcel, f., prison.

carecer (de), v.i., to be without, to lack; to be in need of.

carencia, f., lack, absence.

cargado, da, adj., full; loaded, overloaded; charged;
— de espaldas, stoop-shouldered, slightly hunchbacked.

cariátide, f., caryatid.

caricatura, f., caricature.

caricia, f., caress.

cariño, m., affection.

cariñoso, sa, adj., friendly, amiable; affectionate.

Carlo Magno, m., Charlemagne.

Carmen/Cármen, m., Carmel.

carne, f., meat, flesh;
—s, pl., flesh, body, weight, plumpness, etc.

Carnestolendas, fpl., carnival time.

Caro, npr. m., General Caro, see note [51].

carpintería, f., carpentry, carpenter’s trade.

carpintero, m., carpenter.

carretero, ra, adj., passable, practicable (for wheeled vehicles), cf. camino.

carril, m., track, cart-track.

carro, m., cart, wagon.

carta, f., letter;
— blanca, carte blanche, unlimited authority, permission.

casaca, f., coat, tunic, dress coat.

casadero, ra, adj., unmarried., marriageable.

casado, da, adj., married;
—s, mpl., married people.

casarse, v.refl., to marry.

castaña, f., chestnut.

castañetear, v.t., to chatter (the teeth).

castigo, m., punishment.

Castilla, f. npr., Castile;
—s, pl., the Castiles, Old and New Castile.

Castillo Piñón, m., npr., Castillo Piñón, Chैteau Pignon; see note [52].

casto, ta, adj., chaste.

casual, adj., casual, chance.

casualmente, adv., casually, by chance.

catedral, f., cathedral.

categoría, f., category, class.

causa, f., cause; cause, case;
conocimiento de —, acquaintance with, familiarity with the case, the circumstances.

causar, v.t., to cause, to occasion.

cavilar, v.i., to cavil; to ruminate, to meditate.

caz, m., mill-race.

caza, f., hunt, chase; game, quarry.

cazar, v.t., to hunt, to pursue; v.i., to hunt.

ceder, v.t., to cede, to yield;
— el paso, to make way, to give way.

celeridad, f., speed, celerity, rapidity, quickness.

celos, mpl., jealousy;
tener —, to be jealous.

celoso, sa, adj., jealous.

cena, f., supper; See note [21].

cenar, v.t., to eat for supper, to sup on; v.i., to sup.

censo, m., poll-tax, assessment.

censura, f., censure.

centeno, m., rye.

ceñirse, v.refl., to gird on, to put on, to assume.

cera, f., wax.

cerca, f., enclosure, fence;
—, adv., near;
— de, prep., near.

cercanía, f., neighborhood;
las —s, the surrounding country, “round about.”

ceremonioso, sa, adj., ceremonious, formal.

cerezo, m., cherry-tree;
—a, f., cherry (fruit).

cerrar, v.t., to shut, to close; to lock, to lock up; v.i., to close in, to fall (of night, etc.).

cerrojo, m., bolt.

cesta, f., basket.

cetro, m., sceptre.

chabacanería, f., coarseness, rudeness; uncleanness.

chanza, f., joke, jest;
no estoy para —s, I am in no mood for jesting, in no joking humor.

chasco, m., practical joke; fizzle; disappointment;
se han llevado un solemne —, you have gotten a real disappointment;
juegos de —, tricks, farce.

chico, ca, adj., small, little;
chica, (in direct address) my child, little one.

chillido, m., whistle, screech.

chimenea, f., fireplace.

chiquilla, f., little girl;
— de cuatro años, four-year old child.

chispear, v.i., to sparkle.

chistoso, sa, adj., droll, witty.

chorrear, v.i., to drip.

choza, f., hut.

chupa, f., jacket; (waistcoat with sleeves).

chupetín, m., jacket, waistcoat (usually without sleeves).

chusco, m., joker, tom-fool.

ciego, m., blind man.

cielo, m., sky, heaven.

cigarro, m., cigarette.

cimbrarse, v.refl., to bend.

cincel, m., chisel.

cínico, ca, adj., cynical; shameless.

cinismo, m., cynicism.

cintura, f., waist; girdle, belt; waistband.

circunloquio, m., circumlocution, periphrasis.

circunspección, f., circumspection.

circunstancia, f., circumstance, fact.

circunstante, m., bystander.

ciudadano, m., citizen.

civil, adj., civil; cf. fruto, and note [17].

clamante, adj., crying; cf. voces.

claramente, adv., clearly.

claro, m., hole, aperture, opening, open space;
—, ra, adj., clear, bright; clear, evident;
sacar en —, to bring out clearly, to reveal, to disclose.

clase, f., class; high-class, distinction.

claustro, m., cloister.

clavado, da, adj., fixed, staring.

clavar, v.t., to nail, to fix; to fasten; to drive in, to stick in, to thrust in.

clavo, m., nail.

Cleopatra, f. npr., Cleopatra.

clérigo, m., priest;
—s, pl., clergy.

cobertizo, m., shed; shed roof, shelter.

cobre, m., copper, brass.

coche, m., carriage, coach.

cocina, f., kitchen.

cocinera, f., cook.

codiciar, v.t., to long for, to covet, to desire exceedingly.

codo, m., elbow.

cofrade, m., fellow-member, colleague.

cojo, ja, adj., lame, limping;
parecía — de los dos pies, seemed to limp with both feet.

colarse, v.refl., to slip in, to glide in.

colchón, m., mattress.

cólera, f., anger; gall; choler, choleric disposition.

colgar, v.t., to hang; v.i., to hang;
colgado, da, pp. hanging.

colina, f., hill.

colmena, f., hive, bee-hive.

colocar, v.t., to place, to arrange.

colorado, da, adj., red, deep red.

comadre, f., gossip, tattling old woman.

combinación, f., combination; contrivance; scheme; crossing.

comer, v.t., to eat; sp., to eat for dinner; v.i., to dine; to eat;
—se, v.refl., to eat up, to consume;
—se la partida, to see what’s up.

comienzo, m., beginning;
dar—, to make a beginning, to begin.

comisura, f., junction, joint, seam;
— de los labios, corner of the mouth.

comitiva, f., escort.

comodidad, f., convenience, comfort.

compadecerse, v.refl., to agree, to be consonant, to be compatible; to take pity on (de).

compaña, f., company, assembly.

compañero, m., companion, comrade, fellow.

compañía, f., company.

comparable, adj., comparable.

comparación, f., comparison.

comparar, v.t., to compare.

comparecer, v.i., to appear (in court, or before authority).

compás, m., compass; enclosure, courtyard.

compasión, f., compassion, pity.

compendiar, v.t., to resume, to epitomize.

complacerse, v.refl.(de or en), to take pleasure in, to be pleased with.

complacido, da, adj., pleased, contented.

complicidad, f., complicity.

complot, m., plot, complot.

componer, v.t., to mend, to put in order;; to arrange, to fix up.

comprender, v.t., to understand.

comprometer, v.t., to compromise.

concebir, v.t., to conceive, to understand, to comprehend; to devise; to imagine; to suspect.

conceder, v.t., to grant.

concluir, v.t., to conclude, to end;
todo parecía concluido, all, everything seemed over, at an end.

concurrencia, f., the assembly, the bystanders, those present, the persons present.

concurrir, v.i., to assemble.

concurso, m., concourse, assembly.

condenación, f., condemnation;
¡—!, damnation!

condición, f., character, disposition.

conducir, v.t. and v.i., to lead, to conduct.

conducta, f., conduct.

confesor, m., confessor.

confianza, f., confidence, trustfulness.

confite, m., comfit, sugarplum.

conforme, adv., as, in proportion, in agreement.

confundir, v.t., to confuse, to mistake.

congraciarse, v.refl., to ingratiate oneself, to win favor.

congrua, f., income; see note [49].

conjurar, v.t., to conjure, to entreat.

conocer, v.t., to know; to be acquainted with; to become acquainted with; to recognize, to feel; to learn; to recognize, to distinguish.

conocimiento, m., knowledge, acquaintance; cf. causa.

conque, conj., so, wherewith, wherefore, so that.

consabido, da, adj., aforesaid, aforementioned; well-known.

consagrarse, v.refl., to devote oneself, consecrate oneself.

consecuencia, f., result, consequence, sequel.

conseguir, v.t., to succeed in, to accomplish; v.i., to succeed, to attain.

consejo, m., counsel, advice.

consentir, v.t., to consent to, to permit, to allow; v.i., to consent, to agree.

conservar, v.t., to preserve;
—se, v.refl., to keep, to stay, to continue to be;
¿se conserva tan guapa? is she as pretty as ever?

considerar, v.t., to consider, to weigh, to think over;; to look upon, to consider.

consiguiente, adj., consequent, resultant;
de —, por —, accordingly, consequently, so.

consistencia, f., consistency; consistence.

consistir, v.i., to consist;
— en, to arise from, to result from, to have reason in.

consistorialmente, adv., consistorially (as of a consistory, or ecclesiastical court).

constar, v.i., to be known, to be certain, to be evident.

constitucional, m., supporter of the constitution, member of the constitutional party;
—, adj., constitutional.

construir, v.t., to construct.

consumado, da, adj., consummate.

contacto, m., contact.

contagioso, sa, adj., contagious, infectious.

contar, v.t., to count, to tell, to relate; v.i., to count, to keep accounts, to reckon;
— con, to count on.

contemplar, v.t., to look at, to contemplate.

contener, v.t., to contain, to restrain.

contentarse, v.refl., to content oneself, to be content.

contento, ta, adj., content, pleased, satisfied.

contertulio, m., fellow-guest.

contestación, f., answer.

contestar, v.i., to answer.

contiguo, gua, adj., contiguous; adjoining; near at hand, near by.

continente, m., mien, bearing.

continuar, v.t., to continue, to proceed;
— v.i., to continue, to keep on.

contorno, m., vicinity, surrounding country.

contradecir, v.t., to contradict.

contraer, v.t., to contract.

contrario, ria, adj., contrary; opposite;
al —, on the contrary;
al —, no indeed, far from it;
de lo —, in the opposite case, otherwise.

contrastar, v.t., to contrast.

contribución, f., tax.

contribuir, v.t., to contribute.

convenir, v.i., to be fitting, to be proper; to suit; to please; to agree.

convento, m., convent; monastery.

convertir, v.t., to convert, change;
—se, v.refl., to change, to be changed; (en) to be turned into, be converted into; to be converted.

convicto, ta, adj., convicted.

convocar, v.t., to convoke, to call together.

convulsión, f., convulsion.

convulso, sa, adj., convulsed.

conyugal, adj., conjugal, domestic.

cónyuges, mpl., married people, man and wife, couple.

copa, f., glass, goblet, drinking glass, tumbler;
sombrero de —, tall hat, top hat.

copla, f., verse, couplet.

coquetería, f., coquetry.

corbata, f., tie, cravat, neckcloth.

corcel, m., steed, charger.

cordonazo de San Francisco, m., autumn equinox, autumn equinoctial storm; see note [102].

coro, m., choir.

corona, f., crown.

coronel, m., colonel.

coronilla, f., crown (of the head).

corral, m., yard, enclosure.

corralón, m., large yard.

corregidor, m., mayor; see note [16].

corregidora, f., mayor’s wife, mayoress, etc.

corregimiento, m., mayor’s house, official residence.

correo, m., post, post-office.

correr, v.t., to overrun; to drive, to urge; to draw (a bolt);
— v.i., to run; to hasten; to circulate, to be in circulation.

correspondiente, adj., corresponding; fitting, proper, suitable; appurtenant, proportionate; proper, due, destined, appointed.

corriente, f., current (river, electricity).

corriente, m., state of being current or aware;
poner uno al — de una cosa, to inform one of something, acquaint one with something.

corroboración, f., corroboration.

corso, sa, adj., Corsican.

cortar, v.t., to cut, to cut off.

corte, f., court.

cortesano, na, adj., courteous, polite.

cortesía, f., courtesy.

cortésmente, adv., courteously, politely.

corteza, f., rind, bark.

cortijada, f., hamlet, grange.

cortijo, m., farmhouse; farm.

cortísimo, ma, adj., very short.

corto, ta, adj., short.

coser, v.t., to sew.

cosquillas, fpl., tickling;
hacer —, to tickle.

costa, f., coast; cf. moro and see note [154]; cost, price, expense.

costal, m., sack.

costar, v.i., to cost.

costumbre, f., custom, habit;
de —, usual.

cotidiano, na, adj., daily.

coyuntura, f., occasion, conjuncture, juncture.

crear, v.t., to create, to establish.

creces, fpl., growth, increase; see note [116].

credencial, m., credential (proof).

crédito, m., credit.

creencia, f., belief.

creer, v.t., to believe; to think;
¡ya lo creo! I should think so, rather, of course;
crea, believe, take the word of;
creyendo, ger., thinking to, planning to.

criadero, m., nursery.

criado, m., servant, manservant;
— de campaña, attendant in the field.

criador, m., creator, maker.

criar, v.t., to create; to nurse, to bring up.

criatura, f., creature, being; little child.

criminal, adj., criminal.

cristiano, na, adj., christian.

Cristo, m., Christ;
por los clavos de —, for Christ’s sake.

crítica, f., criticism.

cruel, adj., cruel.

cruz, f., cross; withers (of animal);
hacerse cruces, to cross oneself.

cruzar, v.t., to exchange;
—se, v.refl., to meet, to meet and pass.

cuadra, f., stable.

cuadro, m., picture;
— de género, genre picture.

cuartel, m., barracks;
— general, headquarters.

cuartillo, m., pint; quarter (short quarter hour);
—a, f., sheet (of paper).

cuatro, adj. num., four;
en —palabras, briefly, in a word.

cubierto, ta, adj., covered.

cubrir, v.t., to cover.

cuchichear, v.i., to whisper.

cuello, m., neck.

cuenta, f., count, account, reckoning; affair, business;
de —, of account, of importance;
dar —, to explain, to give account;
darse —, to realize, to take account, to understand;
pedir —s, to ask for a reckoning;
¡vamos a —s! let us get down to business.

cuento, m., story;
venir a —, to be in place.

cuerda, f., cord.

cuero, m., skin;
en —s, naked, stripped to the skin.

cuerpo, m., body.

cuervo, m., crow.

cuestión, f., question, dispute.

cuidado, m., care, anxiety;
¡—! take care!
no hay —, no danger.

cuidadosamente, adv., carefully.

cuidar, v.t., to care for.

culebra, f., snake.

culpa, f., blame, fault, guilt.

cultivar, v.t., to cultivate, to till.

cumplido, da, adj., complete, perfect.

cumplir, v.t., to complete, to fulfill.

cúspide, f., peak, summit.

Czarina, f., Czarina.

D [^Top]

dama, f., lady.

dar, v.t., to give; to provide; to furnish; to tell;
— con el codo, to nudge;
— a o sobre, to lead to, to open on, (of a door or window);—se, v.refl., to yield, to surrender;
—se cuenta, to realize, to be conscious, to take account, to appreciate.

De profundis (Latin) from the depths; reference to psalm 130; see note [124].

Deán, m., dean (ecclesiastical).

debido, da, adj., due, proper.

débil, adj., weak;
sexo —, weaker sex.

decano, m., dean; oldest member, senior member.

decente, adj., decent, proper.

dizque, they say, the story runs.

declaración, f., declaration, explanation.

declarar, v.t., to declare; to admit; to explain;
—se, v.refl., to declare oneself, to be open about.

decoro, m., decorum, decency.

decoroso, sa, adj., decorous, decent.

decreto, m., decree.

dedo, m., finger.

deducir, v.t., to deduct, to conclude.

defensa, f., defense.

dejar, v.t., to allow, to permit; to leave;
déjeme de reyes, don’t talk to me about kings, let me alone with your kings;
—se, v.refl., to give oneself over to; to abandon;
—se de, to get rid of, to stop, to leave;
déjate de bachillerías, stop your chattering, stop your nonsense;
dejémonos de latines, let us put aside this latin stuff.

delantal, m., apron.

delegado, m., delegate, representative.

deliberadamente, adv., deliberately.

delicadeza, f., delicacy.

delicado, da, adj., delicate.

demanda, f., claim, question.

demonio, m., demon, devil, fiend.

demontre, m., devil, deuce.

demostrar, v.t., to prove, to demonstrate, to show.

demudar, v.t., to change, to alter.

denominarse, v.refl., to be called, to be denominated.

dentadura, f., teeth, set of teeth.

denuesto, m., abuse, affront.

depender, v.i., to depend;
— de, to depend upon.

depositaria, f., depository, guardian, keeper.

depósito, m., deposit.

derecho, m., right, prerogative; law;
—a, f., right, the right side, the right hand;
derecho, a, adj., straight; right;
izquierdo, ant., left.

derretirse, v.refl., to melt, to become fluid; Also see gacha and note [95].

derribar, v.t., to tear down; to throw down, to overturn;
los derribados, the overthrown.

desabrido, da, adj., tasteless, in bad taste.

desafío, m., challenge, sp., challenge to a duel; duel.

desaforadamente, adv., wildly, violently.

desalmado, m., dead man, (pp. of desalmar, to kill).

desaparecer, v.i., to disappear.

desatar, v.t., to untie.

desavenido, da, adj., disagreeing, discordant.

descambiar, v.t., to exchange.

descansadamente, adv., in peace, at one’s ease.

descansar, v.t., to rest;
— armas, to ground or rest arms;
—, v.i., to rest, to rest one’s self.

descanso, m., rest, repose;
punto de —, see punto.

descargado, da, adj., not loaded.

descargar, v.t., to discharge, to unload.

descendiente, m., descendant.

descolgar, v.t., to take down;
—se, v.refl., to swing down, to slide down.

descollar, v.i., to rise above, to predominate.

descomponerse, v.refl., to lose composure.

descomunal, adj., extraordinary; of unusual size, huge.

desconocer, v.t., to not know, to fail to know.

describir, v.t., to describe.

descuartizar, v.t., to cut in quarters; to cut up.

descubierto, ta, adj., uncovered.

descubrir, v.t., to discover, to disclose, to reveal; to uncover; to find;
—se, v.refl., to be disclosed, to come into sight; to uncover (the head), remove hat.

descuidado, da, adj., free of care, tranquil.

descuidar, v.i., to be easy, to be without fear;
descuida, don’t be afraid.

descuido, m., carelessness, inattention, negligence; moment of inattentiveness.

Desdémona, f. npr., Desdemona.

desdeñosamente, adv., scornfully, disdainfully.

desechar, v.t., to throw back.

desembozar, v.t., to unwrap, to unveil; see note [77].

desencajado, da, adj., (of the eyes) staring, starting.

desenfado, m., unconstraint.

desengaño, m., undeceiving; disappointment.

desenojar, v.t., to appease.

deseoso, sa, adj., desirous, anxious.

desesperación, f., despair.

desfallecido, da, adj., weak, feeble.

desgracia, f., accident, misfortune.

desgraciado, da, adj., unhappy, wretched, ill starred.

deshecho, cha, adj. (deshacer), violent, uncontrolled;
calavera —, utter rake, out and out rake.

deshollinador, m., chimney scraper; See note [73].

deshonra, f., dishonor.

deshonrado, da, adj., dishonored.

deshonrar, v.t., to dishonor.

desierto, m., desert, wilderness.

desigualdad, f., inequality.

disinterés, m., disinterestedness.

desinteresado, da, adj., disinterested, unselfish.

deslindar, v.t., to clear up, to disentangle, to mark the bounds of, to delimit.

deslizarse, v.refl., to slip, to slip down.

deslumbrar, v.t., to dazzle.

desmantelado, da, adj., dismantled.

desnaturalizarse, v.refl., to change nature, to change character.

desnudar, v.t., to undress.

desnudo, da, adj., naked, bare.

desobedecer, v.i., to disobey.

desobediencia, f., disobedience.

despachar, v.t., to dispatch, to attend to;
—se, v.refl., to hasten, to make haste, to hurry;
se están despachando, are flying about, are hurrying about.

despedida, f., leave-taking, farewell.

despedir, v.t., to dismiss.

despegar, v.t., to part, to open, (of the lips).

desperezarse, v.refl., to stretch.

despertar, v.t., to awaken;
—se, v.refl., to awake, to wake up, to wake.

despotismo, m., despotism, despotic character.

despreciable, adj., contemptible, despicable.

despreciar, v.t., to despise.

destacarse, v.refl., to stand out, to detach itself.

destierro, m., exile, banishment.

destinado, pp. as adj., destined, appointed.

destinar, v.t., to destine, to devote.

destino, m., fate; destination; office, position.

destituir, v.t., to remove from office.

desusado, da, adj., unaccustomed, unusual.

desvanecer, v.t., to dispel, to dissolve.

desventura, f., misfortune.

desvergonzado, da, adj., shameless, impudent, indecent.

detener, v.t., to detain, to stop, to hold back;
—se, v.refl., to stop, to stay, to stand still.

devoción, f., devotion;
—es, pl., devotions, prayers.

devolver, v.t., to return, to repay, to give back.

día, m., day;
— de precepto, holy day of obligation;
de —, by day.

diablo, m., devil;
—esa, f., she-devil;
¡qué —s! what the deuce, what the devil.

diabólico, ca, adj., diabolic, devilish.

Diana, f. npr., Diana; bull’s eye (target); call to reveille or action.

dibujar, v.t., to sketch, to outline.

dictado, m., title, appellation.

dicha, f., happiness, good fortune.

dicho, m., speech, saying.

dicho, cha, adj., said, aforesaid.

dichosísimo, ma, adj., most happy.

dichoso, sa, adj., happy; blessed.

diente, m., tooth; (sp. front tooth; cf. muelas;
entre —s, between his teeth, under his breath.

diestro, m., halter.

diez, adj., num., ten.

diezmo, m., tithe.

diferenciarse, v.refl., to be different.

diferir, v.i., to differ.

difunto, m., dead man.

difunto, ta, adj., dead, defunct;
el — Obispo, the late bishop.

dignarse, v.refl., to deign.

digno, na, adj., worthy.

diminuto, ta, adj., tiny; defective, imperfect, degenerate.

dinastía, f., dynasty.

dineral, m., large sum of money.

diócesis, f., diocese.

Dios, m., God; god.

dirección, f., direction; destination; address;
con — a, etc., towards, in the direction of.

dirigir, v.t., to direct, to supervise; to direct, to address, to send; to aim;
dirigió una mirada, shot a glance;
—se, v.refl., to take one’s way, to go;, etc.; to address, to turn to, to speak to, etc.

disciplina, f., scourge.

discreto, ta, adj., discreet, wise; witty, bright.

discurrir, v.i., to talk together, to speak together; to discourse, to hold forth; to move about, to move to and fro.

discurso, m., discourse; speech; idea, thought.

disfraz, m., disguise.

disfrazar, v.t., to disguise, to mask.

disimuladamente, adv., slyly.

disimulado, da, adj., disguised, concealed;
muy disimulada, well concealed, very well concealed.

disimular, v.t., to conceal, to hide; to dissemble.

disimulo, m., dissimulation, feigned innocence.

disparar, v.t., to fire, to shoot;
disparado, pp., like a shot.

dispuesto, ta, adj., ready; determined, capable.

distar, v.i., to be distant.

distinguir, v.t., to distinguish; to select; to recognize, make out, to distinguish, etc.

distraer, v.t., to distract.

diversión, f., diversion, play.

diverso, sa, adj., divers, diverse.

divertido, da, adj., diverting, amusing.

divertirse, v.refl., to enjoy oneself, to amuse oneself, to have a good time;
— conmigo, to trifle with me, to have fun with me, at my expense, to make sport of me.

divisar, v.t., to descry, to perceive; to recognize;.

do ut des, latin I give, that thou give; give and take, turn-around is fair play; See note [28].

doblar, v.t., to fold.

doblemente, adv., doubly.

docena, f., dozen.

doctrina, f., doctrine;
libro de la —; Book expounding Christian beliefs.

doloroso, sa, adj., painful.

domadora, f., tamer.

domesticar, v.t., to tame.

doméstico, m., domestic, servant.

dominación, f., domination, rule.

dominar, v.t., to rule, to control, to restrain, to dominate;
—se, v.refl., etc., to control oneself, keep one’s temper.

don, m., gift;
— de gentes, gift of making friends, of making oneself liked, gift of getting on with people.

Don, m., Mr., Don, Sir; used only with the given name.

donaire, m., grace; elegance; joke, witticism.

Don Carlos IV, npr. m., Charles the Fourth; See note [9].

donosamente, adv., agreeably, prettily.

Doña, f., Doña; Miss, Madam; used only with the given name.

dorar, v.t., to gild.

dormido, da, adj., asleep.

dormir, v.i., to sleep; to sleep off, cf. mona;
—se, v.refl., to go to sleep.

dormitar, v.i., to doze.

dormitorio, m., sleeping room, bedchamber, bedroom.

dosel, m., canopy.

duda, f., doubt.

dudar, v.i., to doubt.

dudoso, sa, adj., doubtful.

duende, m., goblin, hobgoblin, sprite.

dueño, m., master; possessor.

dulce, m., sweetmeat, sweet dish;
—, adj., sweet, agreeable.

dulzura, f., sweetness.

D. Agustín Durán, see note [6].

dureza, f., harshness;
con —, harshly.

duro, ra, adj., hard; harsh.

E [^Top]

¡ea! int., come!

ebrio, m., drunken fellow.

eclipsar, v.t., to eclipse.

echar, v.t., to throw, to cast; to drive out, to throw out; to throw away; to offer; to pour; to bestow;
— de menos, to miss;
— espumarajos, to foam (with rage);
— llamas, to flash fire;
— mano, to seize;
— yescas, to light tinder;
—se a reír, to burst out laughing;
—se a la cara, (of a gun) to bring to the cheek, take aim.

edad, f., age.

edificio, m., edifice, building.

educar, v.t., to educate, to bring up, to train.

efectivamente, adv., in fact.

efecto, m., effect, result;
en —, adv., in effect, in fact.

egoísmo, m., egoism, selfishness.

egoísta, adj., selfish.

¿eh? interj. interrog., eh, what?

ejecución, f., execution.

ejecutivo, va, adj., executive; summary, authoritative.

ejemplar, m., example, specimen; type.

ejemplo, m., example;
por —, for instance, for example.

ejercer, v.t., to exercise, to perform.

ejercitar, v.t., to exercise, to practice, to try.

ejército, m., army.

elección, f., choice.

elegancia, f., elegance.

elevado, da, adj., lofty.

eludir, v.t., to elude, to avoid.

embargo, m., seize property; impede trade;
sin —, notwithstanding, in spite of.

embelesado, da, adj., spell-bound.

embelesar, v.t., to astonish, to amaze.

emborracharse, v.refl., to get drunk.

embozar, v.t., to wrap up; (used specially of the throat and face); See note [77].

embozo, m., muffler; see note [77].

embuste, m., lie, fib.

emoción, f., emotion.

empalagoso, sa, adj., disgusting.

emparrado, m., arbor, grape-arbor, etc.

empedrado, m., pavement;
empedrado, da, adj., paved.

empeñarse, v.refl., to persist.

empeño, m., pledge, engagement; duty, business.

emperador, m., emperor.

empujar, v.t., to push.

empuñar, v.t., to grasp; to clasp.

enamorado, da, adj., enamored, in love.

enamorar, v.t., to win love, to win affection; to charm, to please, to captivate;
—se, v.refl., to fall in love; to be charmed.

encadenar, v.t., to chain up, to put in chains.

encaje, m., lace.

encaminarse, v.refl., to take one’s way, to start, to go.

encararse, v.refl., (con), to face.

encargar, v.t., to charge, to instruct;
—se, v.refl., to agree, to undertake, etc.

encender, v.t., to light, to set fire to;
encendido pp., lighted, burning.

encerrar, v.t., to contain, to enclose;
—se, v.refl., to shut oneself in, to lock oneself in.

encía, f., gum (teeth).

encogerse, v.refl., shrug;
— de hombros, to shrug shoulders.

encontrar, v.t., to meet, to meet with, to find;
—se, v.refl., to be, to happen to be, to find oneself;
—se con, to meet with, to find, etc.

encopetado, da, adj., presumptuous, boastful, stuck-up.

encuentro, m., encounter, meeting.

encumbrado, da, adj., lofty, stately.

ende, adv., thence;
por —, thence, therefore.

endeblillo, lla, adj., weakly, (endeble).

enemigo, ga, adj., hostile, cruel, unfriendly; unkind.

enemigo, m., enemy.

energía, f., energy.

enérgicamente, adv., vigorously, sharply.

enfadarse, v.refl., to become angry, to lose one’s temper.

énfasis, m., emphasis; see note [162].

enfermedad, f., illness.

enfermizo, za, adj., infirm, sickly.

enfurecerse, v.refl., to grow furious, to burst out.

engañar, v.t., to deceive.

engaño, m., deceit, deception.

enjugar, v.t., to dry, to wipe.

enojo, m., anger, indignation.

enorme, adj., enormous, very large.

enormidad, f., immensity, huge size.

ensalada, f., salad.

ensalmo, m., spell, charm, enchantment;
por —, by magic.

enseñar, v.t., to teach, to show.

entender, v.t., to understand;
— de razones, to listen to reason;
—se, v.refl., to come to an understanding; to agree; to be agreed, to have an understanding; to understand each other, one another; to know what one is about.

entendimiento, m., understanding, intelligence.

enteramente, adv., entirely, quite.

enterar, v.t., to inform, etc.;
—se, v.refl., to inform oneself, to inquire into.

entero, ra, adj., whole, entire.

entrañas, fpl., bowels, intestines; heart, character, feelings.

entrar, v.i., to enter, to come in, to go in; to enter upon, to begin, etc.; to come into market;
— en fuego, to open fire;
hasta muy entrado el mes de Diciembre, until far into the month of December.

entregar, v.t., to hand over, to pass on;
—se, v.refl., to give oneself up, to surrender.

entremés, m., intermezzo, entr’acte; interlude; See note [26].

entretanto, adv., meanwhile, in the meantime.

entretener, v.t., to amuse, to occupy.

entusiasmar, v.t., to transport, to enrapture, to fill with enthusiasm.

envejecerse, v.refl., to grow old.

envejecido, da, adj., grown old, aged.

enviar, v.t., to send.

envidiable, adj., enviable.

envidiar, v.t., to envy.

epigramático, ca, adj., epigrammatic.

epiléptico, ca, adj., epileptic.

epílogo, m., epilogue.

episcopal, adj., episcopal.

episodio, m., episode.

época, f., epoch, period, time.

epopeya, f., epic, epopee, epic poem.

equivaler, v.i., to equal; to be the same as, to be as much as.

equivocación, f., mistake.

equivocarse, v.refl., to be mistaken.

erguirse, v.refl., to draw oneself up.

errante, adj., wandering.

erudito, ta, adj., erudite, learned.

esbirro, m., constable; henchman, minion.

escalera, f., staircase, stairs;
por la — abajo, down the stairs.

escandalizar, v.t., to scandalize; to offend;
—se, v.refl., to be offended, to be scandalized, to take offence;.

escándalo, m., scandal.

escapar, v.i., to escape; to exit;
—se, v.refl., to escape, to get away, to run away; to leak.

escape, f., flight, hasty flight;
a —, at top speed.

escarbar, v.t., to scratch, to dig, to rake.

escarola, f., endive, escarole.

escena, f., scene.

escarnecer, v.t., to mock, to ridicule, to bring into contempt.

esclarecer, v.t., to light, to illuminate.

escoger, v.t., to select, to choose.

esconder, v.t., to hide, to conceal.

escondido, da, adj., hidden, obscure, remote.

escondite, m., hiding place.

escote, m., the neck (of a woman’s dress).

escribano, m., town-clerk.

escribir, v.t., to write.

escriturilla, f., note, line.

escrupuloso, sa, adj., scrupulous.

escuchar, v.t., to listen, to listen to.

escuela, f., school.

escultural, adj., sculptural.

escupir, v.i., to spit.

escurrir, v.t., to drain;
— el bulto, to slip away, to get out of the way; cf. bulto.

esfera, f., sphere.

esfuerzo, m., effort.

eslabón, m., steel (for striking fire); link (in chain).

esmerarse, v.refl., to take pains, (en).

esmero, m., eagerness, assiduity; care, attention, etc.

espada, f., sword.

espadín, m., rapier, dress-sword.

espalda, f., shoulder; back;
—s, pl., back;
cargado de —s, stoop-shouldered, hunchbacked, etc.;
de —s, backward, on his, her, back.

espaldar, m., back (of a chair or bench, etc.).

espantahombres, m., man-scarer.

espantapájaros, m., scarecrow.

espantajo, m., scarecrow.

espanto, m., fright, etc.

espantoso, sa, adj., frightful, fearful, etc.

especie, f., kind, sort, species.

espectro, m., spectre.

espeso, sa, adj., thick;
lo más —, the thickest part.

espetera, f., shelf, kitchen shelf.

espinazo, m., spine, spinal column.

esplendidez, f., splendor, display.

espumarajo, m., foam, froth; cf. echar.

esquela, f., note.

esquilón, m., bell; (the smaller bell of the church).

esquina, f., corner.

esquinado, da, adj., angular.

estado, m., state; nation; condition, estate;
cuarto —, fourth estate; See note [158];
en — honesto, of honest, honorable condition, decent, marriageable.

estallar, v.i., to burst out, to break out.

estampa, f., engraving; type; archetype, ideal.

estancia, f., room.

estanque, m., pool, pond.

estatua, f., statue.

estatura, f., stature, height.

este, esta, adj. dem., this.

Estebanillo González, npr. m.; see note [7].

Estella, f., Estella, town of Spain, province of Navarre, about 25 miles southwest of Pampeluna; See note [53].

esterilidad, f., barrenness.

estofa, f., stuff, material.

estrechar, v.t., to press, to clasp.

estrecho, cha, adj., narrow, scant, tight.

estrella, f., star.

estremecerse, v.refl., to shake, to shiver.

estrenar, v.t., to use for the first time, to initiate, to handle.

estropear, v.t., to disfigure, to cripple.

estufa, f., hot-house.

estupefacto, ta, adj., stupefied, speechless with astonishment.

estupendo, da, adj., stupendous.

eterno, na, adj., eternal; spiritual, as opposed to temporal.

D. Eugenio de Zúñiga y Ponce de León, npr. m., see note [76].

evitación, f., avoidance.

evitar, v.t., to avoid, to prevent.

exención, f., exemption.

excitar, v.t., to excite; to animate, to stir up.

exclamar, v.t., to exclaim.

exculpación, f., exculpation, explanation.

excusa, f., excuse; evasion.

execrable, adj., accused.

exhortar, v.t., to exhort.

explicación, f., explanation; declaration.

exponer, v.t., to expose; to explain, to expound;
—se, v.refl., to expose, to expose oneself.

extensísimo, ma, adj., very long.

exterminio, m., annihilation, extinction.

extranjero, ra, adj., foreign.

extrañar, v.t., to wonder at;
era muy de —, it was much to be wondered at.

extraño, ña, adj., strange, foreign.

extremar, v.t., to overdo.

extremo, m., end, extremity; extreme.

F [^Top]

fábula, f., fable.

facciones, fpl., features.

facineroso, m., evil-doer, criminal.

facultad, f., power, license, right.

faena, f., labor, task.

faja, f., sash, girdle.

falda, f., skirt, petticoat;
— de un paso, etc., see note [56];
—s, pl., women;
amigo de —s, fond of women.

falso, sa, adj., false, counterfeit.

falta, f., lack, absence;
hacer —, (English subject Spanish indirect object), to have need;
no sé qué — puedo hacerte, I don’t see what need you can have of me.

faltar, v.i., to be lacking, to be wanting; to be absent;
me están faltando al respeto, they are being disrespectful to me.

faltriquera, f., pocket.

fallarse, v.refl., to be decided (of a law-suit).

familiar, m., familiar, servant (of a priest);
—, adj., familiar.

fandango, m., fandango, Spanish dance, sp. Andalusian dance, See note [86].

fanega, f., fanega; Spanish land measure, containing about one third of an acre; Spanish dry measure, containing about 56 quarts.

farol, m., lantern.

farolillo, m., small lantern.

fatídico, ca, adj., portentous, fatidical.

fatigar, v.t., to weary, to wear out;
—se, v.refl. to give oneself trouble, to take the trouble.

¡favor! int., help!
¡— al Rey! In the King’s name!

fe, f., faith.

febril, adj., feverish.

fecha, f., date.

felpa, f., plush, chenille.

felpón, m., chanille fringe of fabric tassles or balls, see note [155].

feo, fea, adj., ugly, ill-favored;
fea y todo, see reventar.

Fernando VII, npr. m., Ferdinand the Seventh, See note [70].

fertilísimo, ma, adj., very fertile.

festonear, v.t., to festoon.

fidedigno, na, adj., worthy of credit.

fiera, f., wild beast;
hecho una —, see hacer.

figurarse, v.refl., to imagine; to suppose.

fijamente, adv., definitely, certainly.

fijar, v.t., to fix;
—se en, v.refl., to look upon.

filo, m., edge.

filtrar, v.t., to filter.

fin, m., end, intention, purpose;
en —, at last, lastly, after all, in short;
al —, finally, at last;
a — de, a — de que, to the end that, so that, in order that.

fineza, f., flattery; delicate attention, courtesy.

fingido, da, adj., pretended, feigned;
mal fingida, ill-assumed.

fino, na, adj., courteous, polite;; delicate, fine.

finura, f., elegance.

firma, f., signature.

firmar, v.t., to sign.

fiscal, m., public prosecutor, state’s attorney.

flaco, ca, adj., thin; weak, unnerved.

flecha, f., arrow, dart.

flojo, ja, adj., soft, indistinct, lisping.

floricultor, m., horticulturist.

flote, m., floating;
salir a —, to come to the surface, to get afloat.

fogata, f., blaze.

fondo, m., depth, bottom; foundation, basis.

forma, f., form;
de — que, so that; form, appearance, outline.

formal, adj., serious.

formar, v.t., to form.

formidable, adj., formidable, dangerous.

fórmula, f., formula, statement.

formular, v.t., to formulate, to state.

forzoso, sa, adj., forced, obligatory.

fragua, f., forge.

fraile, m., friar, etc.

francachela, f., carouse, revel.

Franciscano, m., Franciscan (friar).

franela, f., flannel.

franqueza, f., frankness.

Frascuela, f., Fanny.

frase, f., phrase, remark, resp., etc.

Frasquita, f., Fanny.

frecuentar, v.t., to frequent, to visit.

fregar, v.t., to rub, to polish.

fresco, ca, adj., fresh, cool;
estamos —s, we’re in a pretty fix, we’re nicely left;
—, m., coolness, cool.

frescura, f., coolness.

fresquito, ta, adj., coolish, “nice and cool.”

frialdad, f., coldness, coolness.

frío, fría, adj., cold;
—, m., cold, chilliness.

frisar, v.i., to draw near to (en) (of age); to touch, to border on, to be “going on.”

frito, ta, adj., fried.

frontera, adj., frontier, boundary.

fruto, m., fruit;
—s civiles, see note [17].

fuego, m., fire.

fuera, adv., outside, without;
por —, etc., from without;
por —, outside!
¡fuera! out! get out!

fuera de, prep., except; beyond; beside; outside of, away from, off of, off from;
— de sí, beside himself.

fuero, m., right, vested right.

fuerte, adj., strong;
sexo —, stronger sex, sterner sex.

fuerza, f., force, strength;
a — de, by dint of.

fugarse, v.refl., to make one’s escape, to run away.

fulminar, v.t., to hurl, to fulminate.

fundamento, m., foundation, basis.

furia, f., fury, rage.

G [^Top]

gabela, f., gabelle, gavel-tax, see note [17].

gabinete, m., anteroom, boudoir.

Gaceta, f., Gazette, see note [13].

gacha, f., pap, gruel; see note [95].

galán, m., gallant, lover.

galante, adj., gallant.

gallardía, f., grace, elegance.

gallinero, m., hen-house.

gamuza, f., chamois skin, wash leather.

ganas, fpl., (gana), desire, longing.

gancho, m., hook.

ganoso, sa, adj., desirous, eager.

garduña, f., stone marten, house marten; weasel;
Garduña,, used as npr., “the Weasel.”

garganta, f., throat.

garra, f., claw; fig. for hand.

garrote, m., short club, staff, cudgel.

gasto, m., waste; expense, damage.

gato, m./f., cat;
andar a —as, to go on all fours, to creep.

gemir, v.i., to groan.

sui generis (Latin), peculiar, individual, of its own kind.

género, m., gender, sex; genus;
cuadro de —, see cuadro.

genio, m., disposition, character.

gente, f., people; person, individual; people, folk;
—s, pl., people; the world, the public;
don de —s, see don.

gentílico, ca, adj., gentile, pagan.

gesto, m., gesture.

gigantesco, ca, adj., gigantic.

gimnasta, m., gymnast, athlete.

girar, v.i., to turn, to whirl.

gloria, f., glory, salvation, heaven.

gobernado, m., subject.

gobernar, v.t., to govern.

Gobierno, m., Government, Administration.

golilla, m., personage, member of the ruling class; see note [43].

golpe, m., blow; stroke; knock;
de —, suddenly, sharply.

gordo, da, adj., fat;
voz gorda, oily voice.

gota, f., drop.

Goya, npr., Francisco Goya, Spanish painter; see note [54].

gozo, m., joy, enjoyment, pleasure.

gracia, f., grace, mercy;
—s, pl., thanks; charms.

graciosamente, adv., gracefully.

gracioso, sa, adj., gracious; graceful; amusing, diverting; witty;
—, m., (clown) jester, gracioso; see note [4].

gradación, f., gradation.

grado, m., grade, degree.

graduar, v.t., to measure; to estimate.

grajo, m., jackdaw.

grana, f., scarlet, scarlet cloth; See note [68].

grande, adj., (gran), large; great; tall.

grandeza, f., greatness; size.

grandioso, sa, adj., exalted, majestic, grandiose.

granero, m., corn loft, granary.

grano, m., grain.

grosero, ra, adj., coarse, rude, vulgar.

grueso, sa, adj., stout, fat, thick.

gruñido, m., grunt.

gruñir, v.i., to growl, to grumble.

grupa, f., rump, hind quarters, crupper;
llevar a —s, to take behind one on horseback.

guantada, f., slap.

guante, m., glove.

guapo, pa, adj., handsome, good-looking.

¡guarda, Pablo! hold on! look out!

guardar, v.t., to keep; to guard; to defend, to preserve;
— rencor, to bear malice; to take care of;
—se, v.refl., to take care, to be careful;
—se de hacer, to take care not to do.

guardia, f., guard, watch;
¡en —!, be on your guard! defend yourself!

guarnición, f., hilt.

guerrilla, f., band of guerrillas.

guerrillero, m., guerrilla.

guiar, v.t., to guide.

guinda, f., sweet cherry.

guindo, m., mazzard cherry tree, morello cherry tree, sweet-cherry tree;.

guiño, m., wink.

guisa, f., guise, manner;
a — de, like, as it were.

guisado, m., stew, fricassee; see note [25].

guisar, v.t., to cook.

guitarra, f., guitar.

gusano, m., worm;
— de seda, silk-worm.

gustar, v.t., to taste; to like, to wish; to enjoy;
—, v.i., to please.

gusto, m., taste; good taste; pleasure.

H [^Top]

haba, f., bean.

haber, v. aux., to have;
— de, to be obliged; or as simple future; or, to have to; or, to be to, to be destined to;
¿cómo había yo de figurarme… how was I to imagine, how could I imagine…;
¿Quién había de decirme? who could ever have told me…, who would ever have said…;
no hay más que, there is nothing to do but;
habérselas con alguno, to have to do with, to have it out with.

habilidad, f., skill, capability;
—es, pl., accomplishments, talents.

habitar, v.t., to inhabit; to live in, to dwell in.

hábito, m., garment; habit, way of life, custom;
—s, pl., vestments;
ahorcar los —s, to leave Orders, leave the priesthood.

hacendoso, sa, adj., industrious, thrifty.

hacer, v.t., to make, to do; to commit; to cause; to have done; to accomplish, to bring about; impersonal, to be;—se, v.refl., to be going on, to be happening, to happen;
¿qué se ha hecho de? what has happened to, what has become of?

hacienda, f., property; duty, business.

hallar, v.t., to find;
—se, v.refl., to be, to happen to be.

harina, f., flour;
meterse en —, to set to work;
— de otro costal, flour from another sack, i. e., another matter, a different question, “a horse of a different color.”

harinero, ra, adj., having to do with flour;
molino —, flour mill, grist mill.

hazaña, f., deed.

hebilla, f., buckle.

hechicero, ra, adj., enchanting, bewitching.

helénico, ca, adj., Greek.

hembra, f., female;
—, adj., female.

hermosura, f., beauty.

herrero, m., smith, blacksmith.

hielo, m., ice.

hinchado, da, adj., swollen.

hipocondríaco, ca, adj., as subs. m., hypochondriac.

historieta, f., little story.

hito, m., boundary stone; mark, target;
mirar de — en —, to to look at fixedly, to look over from top to bottom.

hocico, m., snout; nose;
retorcer el —, to turn up the nose.

hogar, m., hearth; fireside; home.

hoja, f., leaf;
una poca —, a few leaves; See note [39].

¡hola! interj., ho, hello.

hombro, m., shoulder.

hondamente, adv., deeply.

honesto, ta, adj., honorable, proper.

honor, m., honor.

honra, f., honor.

honradez, f., honor; uprightness, integrity; virtue.

honrado, da, adj., honored, esteemed; estimable; virtuous.

honrar, v.t., to honor, to respect, to do honor to, to be a credit to.

hopa, f., cassock, gown, see note [130].

horca, f., gallows.

horno, m., oven.

horroroso, sa, adj., frightful.

hoyo, m., dimple.

hoyuelo, m., dimple.

hueco, ca, adj., hollow; of sleeves, full.

huerta, f., garden, kitchen garden; orchard; water-meadow.

humanizarse, v.refl., to become gentle; to unbend.

húmedo, da, adj., moist, damp.

humor, m., humor, temper;
ponerse de mal —, to lose one’s temper.

hundirse, v.refl., to melt; to sink.

hurón, m., ferret, sleuth.

hurtar, v.t., to steal;
— el cuerpo, to dodge, to slip aside.

I [^Top]

ida, f., going.

idiosincrasia, f., individual disposition; idiosyncrasy.

iglesia, f., church;
la Iglesia, the Catholic Church.

ignominia, f., disgrace, ignominy.

ignominioso, sa, adj., shameful, ignominious.

ignorar, v.t., to not know, to be ignorant of.

igual, adj., equal; like, similar; such.

igualdad, f., equality.

ijar, m., side, flank;
meterse los puños en los —es, to hold one’s sides.

ilustre, adj., illustrious, exalted.

Ilustrísima (Su), see note [37]; trans., his Lordship.

ilustrísimo, ma, adj., most illustrious.

imparcialidad, f., impartiality, judicial tone, indifference.

impasibilidad, f., impassibility.

impedir, v.t., to hinder, to prevent.

imperar, v.i., to reign, to hold sway.

imperial, adj., imperial.

ímpetu, m., impulse; violence, vehemence.

impetuosísimo, ma, adj., very swift.

imponer, v.t., to impose.

importar, v.i., to import, to matter; to count, to be of consequence.

imposición, f., imposition, restraint.

impreso, sa, adj., printed, in print.

impropio, pia, adj., unsuitable.

imprudente, adj., imprudent; indiscreet, inconsiderate.

incapaz, adj., incapable.

incertidumbre, f., uncertainty.

incitante, adj., tempting, exciting.

inclinar, v.t., to bend.

incomodar, v.t., to incommode, to put out.

incontinenti, adv., immediately, forthwith.

incontrastable, adj., resistless, irresistible.

indecible, adj., indescribable, unspeakable.

indefinible, adj., indescribable, inexplicable.

indescriptible, adj., indescribable.

Indias, fpl., Indies.

indicación, f., suggestion, direction.

indicar, v.t., to indicate, to point out, to mention.

indisculpable, adj., inexcusable.

índole, f., nature, character.

indomable, adj., unconquerable, indomitable.

inducir, v.t., to persuade, to induce.

indulgencia, f., forbearance, forgiveness.

infame, adj., infamous, vile.

infamia, f., infamy, shame, dishonor; act of infamy, shameful deed.

inferior, m., inferior, subordinate.

infierno, m., hell.

informe, m., investigation, information, character (of event); report.

infortunado, da, adj., unfortunate, unhappy, ill-fated.

infortunio, m., calamity, misfortune.

infundado, da, adj., unfounded, groundless.

infundir, v.t., to inspire, to instil.

ingeniero, m., engineer.

ingenio, m., wit, understanding, talent, disposition.

ingenuo, ua, adj., ingenuous, frank, candid.

injuriar, v.t., to wrong, to injure, to insult.

injusticia, f., injustice.

inmejorable, adj., beyond improvement; unsurpassed.

inmodestia, f., forwardness, pertness.

inmotivado, da, adj., groundless, without motive, incomprehensible.

innoble, adj., base, vile, ignoble.

inolvidable, adj., never to be forgotten, immortal.

Inquisición, f., Inquisition; See note [14].

inseguro, ra, adj., uncertain.

insensato, ta, adj., mad, insensate.

insigne, adj., distinguished, exalted.

insistir, v.t., to insist, to persist (en).

insondable, adj., unfathomable.

inspirar, v.t., to inspire, to cause (dat. of person, acc. of thing).

intentar, v.t., to try, to attempt.

interlocutor, m., used as adj., interlocutor, speaker, speaking, replying.

interminable, adj., interminable, endless, without end.

interpelar, v.t., to speak to, to address;
interpelado, pp., person spoken to.

interponerse, v.refl., to interpose, to interfere.

interrumpir, v.t., to interrupt.

intransitable, adj., impassable, difficult of passage.

inundar, v.t., to flood, to inundate.

invencible, adj., invincible.

invernadero, m., winter house, winter dwelling.

invierno, m., winter.

invocar, v.t., to invoke, to call upon.

ir, v.i., to go; to be; to become; to go, to lead (of a road); to be at stake; to be, to feel (of health); to concern, to touch;
va de vencida, is almost over;
en ello me van, I have at stake, there are at stake;
es a lo que iba, this is what I was getting at;
no va con usted, does not concern you;
iba en, was riding, was riding on;
¡vamos! ¡vamos! come, come!
¡vaya! come, nonsense, indeed, impossible;
¡vaya si me ahorcarían! wouldn’t they just hang me!.

iracundia, f., malice, spite.

irremediable, adj., irremediable, beyond repair.

irrisorio, ria, adj., ludicrous, ridiculous.

izquierdo, da, adj., left; (ant. derecho, cha);
—a, f., the left, the left hand.

J [^Top]

jamón, m., ham.

jaraiz, m., wine-press; pit for pressing grapes; see note [64].

jarra, f., two-handled jar or jug;
ponerse en —s, to put one’s hands on one’s hips, to put the arms akimbo.

jazmín, m., jasmine, jessamine.

Jesús, m. npr., Jesus; see note [94].

jiba, f., hump.

jícara, f., cup, sp. a chocolate cup.

joroba, f., hump.

jorobado, m., hunchback;
jorobado, da, adj., hunchbacked, etc.

José, npr. m., Joseph; see note [94].

Josefa, npr. f., Josepha.

Jovellanos, npr., Spanish writer and poet (1744-1811), see note [41].

Juan López, npr. m., John Lopez.

Juanete, m., dim. of Juan, John, Jack.

jubón, m., waist, shirtwaist.

San Judas, npr. m., Saint Jude.

Judit, npr. f., Judith.

jugador, m., gambler.

juicio, m., judgment, common-sense, “senses,” etc.;
a mi —, to my way of thinking;
malos —s, evil judgments.

jumento, a, m./f., ass; beast of burden.

junco, m., rush.

juntamente, adv., together; at once, at the same time.

juntura, f., joint.

juramento, m., oath.

jurisconsulto, m., jurisconsult; man learned in the law; lawyer.

Justicia, f., Justice; the Law, etc..

justificar, v.t., to justify, to clear, to exculpate, etc.

K [^Top]

kiosko, m., kiosk; summer house.

L [^Top]

laberinto, m., labyrinth, maze; confusion.

laborioso, sa, adj., laborious, difficult; painstaking, careful, patient.

labrador, m., field worker, farmer; peasant.

labranza, f., farm; farming.

labriego, m., farmer, peasant.

ladeado, da, adj., crooked; bent to one side, on one side.

ladino, na, adj., cunning, crafty, sly.

lado, m., side, direction.

ladrón, m., thief.

lagar, m., wine press, press-house; cf. jaraiz.

lágrima, f., tear.

lanzar, v.t., to throw, to cast; to give vent to, to utter; to give, to let go;
— carcajadas, to burst into laughter;
—se, v.refl., to rush, to spring.

larguísimo, ma, adj., very long.

lástima, f., pity.

lastimero, ra, adj., doleful, pitiful.

lateralmente, adv., sidelong, sideways.

lazo, m., snare.

lecho, m., bed.

lechuga, f., lettuce.

lector, a, m./f., reader, he who reads.

legar, v.t., to bequeath.

legítimo, ma, adj., lawful, legitimate; justified, grounded, well-founded; genuine.

legua, f., league.

legumbre, f., vegetable.

leído, da, adj., lettered, well-read.

leña, f., wood, firewood.

leona, f., lioness.

letra, f., letter; writing, hand-writing;
—s, pl., culture, letters, education;
al pie de la —, exactly, literally.

levantar, v.t., to raise, to lift;
—se, v.refl., to rise, to get up;
estar levantada, to be up, to be dressed.

leve, adj., light, slight.

ley, f., law.

liar, v.t., to bind; to roll (a cigarette.)

libar, v.t., to suck.

libertar, v.t., to free.

libertino, na, adj., libertine;
—, m./f., libertine.

libra, f., pound.

librar, v.t., to preserve, to safeguard.

libre, adj., free.

libreja, f. (dim. of libra), little pound, a pound or so.

libro, m., book;
— de Caballerías, Romance of Chivalry.

licencia, f., license, permission;
las —s necesarias, see note [3];
tomarse — absoluta, to obtain one’s discharge (of a soldier).

licenciado, m., licentiate; see note [100].

licencioso, sa, adj., licentious.

ligereza, f., lightness; nimbleness.

ligero, ra, adj., light; light-footed.

limitarse, v.refl., to content oneself with, to stop with.

límite, m., limit, bound.

limosna, f., alms.

lince, adj., sharp-eyed; acute, penetrating.

línea, f., line.

linterna, f., lantern.

lío, m., (pack, bundle); row.

llama, f., small flame.

llamar, v.t., to call; to name;
— a la puerta, to knock at the door;
el llamado, the aforesaid;
¡me llamo! that’s my name, here I am.

llamarada, f., flash, flame; burst of flame.

llaneza, f., simplicity.

llanto, m., weeping, tears.

llevar, v.t., to carry, to carry away, to carry off, to take; to bring; to obtain, to get; to wear; to lead, to show, to conduct, etc.; to receive, to endorse; to raise, to lift.
— puesto, to be wearing, to have on;
llevaba cuatro (años) de Corregidor, had been for four years Corregidor

local, m., place, enclosure, room.

locamente, adv., madly.

loco, m., madman.

locuaz, adj., loquacious.

lograr, v.t., to gain, to accomplish, to succeed in.

lonja, f., slice.

loro, m., parrot.

Lucas, npr. m., Luke, Lucas.

Lucena, npr. f., Lucena, town about 35 miles south-east of Córdoba; See note [110].

lucero, m., morning star, bright star.

ludibrio, m., mocking, derision.

luego que, conj., when; as soon as.

luego, adv., then, thereupon, presently; afterwards; thereafter; soon;
desde —, immediately;
tan — como, just as soon as.

lugar, m., place, stead; place, village, hamlet;
el Lugar, the Village.

lugarcillo, m., little village.

lugareño, a, m./f., villager.

lúgubre, adj., lugubrious, doleful.

lúgubremente, adj., dolefully.

Luis, npr. m., Louis.

lujo, m., luxury;
de —, “de luxe,” extra, special.

lujoso, sa, adj., rich, luxuriant; exuberant; luxurious, opulent.

lujuria, f., sensuality, lust; self-indugence.

lumbre, f., fire; cf. amor.

luz, f., light;
a la — de, in the light of;
entre dos luces, at twilight;
de tan claras luces, of such clear vision, of such keen perception, understanding;
las demás luces, the other lights, fig.

M [^Top]

macarro, m., macaroon; see note [30].

madrileño, m., Madrilene, native of Madrid, inhabitant of Madrid.

magistral, m., magistral, see note [107].

majadería, f., nonsense, foolishness.

maldito, ta, adj., cursed, damned;
maldita la falta que me hacían, damned little need I had;
maldita aquella, devil a bit;
maldita seas, damn you, be damned to you; etc.

malhechor, m., evil-doer, criminal.

malicia, f., malice; slyness, cunning.

malo, la, adj. (mal), bad, poor, ill; wicked, evil;
ponerse —, to fall ill;
lo —, the evil, the ill.

maltratar, v.t., to maltreat, to assault.

mamarracho, m., booby, clown.

mancillar, v.t., to stain.

manda, f., donation, bequest; see note [17].

mandar, v.t., to send; to order; to command.

manga, f., sleeve.

manía, f., whim, caprice, peculiarity.

maniquete, m., mitt.

mano, f., hand;
—s a la obra, to work!;
de —s a boca, suddenly, unawares;
venir con sus —s lavadas, to come with improper proposals or intentions;
echar — a, to seize;
de —s de, from the hands of.

manojo, m., bundle, bunch.

mantecado, m., butter cake, cream-cake.

mantilla, f., mantilla, see note [155].

Manuel, m. npr., Emanuel.

Manuela, f. npr., Manuela.

maquinalmente, adv., mechanically.

marcar, v.t., to mark, to indicate.

marchar, v.t., to go; to go along;
—se, v.refl., to leave, to go away.

marchito, ta, adj., withered, pale.

María Luisa, f. npr., Maria Louisa, see note [55].

María Purísima, Virgin Mary of the Immaculate Conception, (see note [92]).

mariscal, m., marshal.

mármol, m., marble.

marras, adv., formerly, recently;
de —, well known, hereinbefore described.

mas, conj., but; except.

más, adv., more;
el, la —, the most;
— que, except; more than;
por — que, however much, although;
— bien, rather; more, further.

mascujar, v.i., to mumble.

matorral, m., stubble-field.

maula, f., trick, dodge, fake.

mayor, adj., greater, larger; older;
caza —, big game;
el, la —, the greatest, largest.

mayores, mpl., elders, ancestors, forefathers.

mayúsculo, la, adj., capital, large (of letters); see note [148].

mecer, v.t., to rock, to swing;
—se, v.refl., to rock.

media, f., stocking;
hacer —, to knit.

media-fanega, f., half-fanega; see fanega.

mediano, na, adj., medium, middle, average.

mediar, v.t., to halve, to take half;
mediado, da, pp., half done, half over.

medida, f., measure.

medio, m., midst, middle; means;
de en —, out of the way;
por — de, by means of.

medir, v.t., to measure.

mejilla, f., cheek.

menester, adj., necessary.

menor, adj., less; younger; smaller;
el, la —, the least, youngest, etc.;
—es, minor orders; see note [50].

menos, adv., less; except;
echar de —, see echar;
lo —, at the least;
a lo —, cuando —, at least;
ni mucho —, nor much less, not by any means, far from it;
— nosotros, except ourselves.

mente, f., mind;
estar allí en la — divina, to be in the bosom of the gods, on the knees of the gods.

menudo, da, adj., small, little.

merced, f., grace, mercy;
— a, thanks to;
su —, his worship.

merecedor, dora, adj., deserving.

merecer, v.t., to deserve, to merit; to earn, to gain.

merecido, m., desert, deserts.

merienda, f., luncheon; see note [21].

meseta, f., landing (of a staircase).

mesilla, f., little table.

meter, v.t., to place, to put;
alguaciles metidos a alcahuetes, constables turned procurers;
— el montante, cf. montante;
—se, v.refl., to interfere; to meddle
meterse en harina, to get to work.

metódico, ca, adj., methodical, commonplace, humdrum.

mientes, fpl., thought; reflection; see parar.

milicias, fpl., militia.

mimar, v.t., to caress, to pamper, to spoil.

mimbre, m., willow-brush, scrub willow.

ministerio, m., office, duty, task.

ministril, m., bailiff, under-bailiff.

ministro, m., minister; officer, servant.

mira, f., view; intention, purpose.

mirada, f., glance.

mirilla, f., peep-hole.

misa, f., mass;
— de prima, early mass.

mismísimo, ma, adj., very, in person.

mismo, ma, adj., same, the same; self (used in connection with the personal pronouns);
lo —, the same thing;
lo — que, as well as, the same as, just as, like;
por lo — que, just because, for the very reason that.

mismo, adv., even;
ahora —, this very instant.

mitón, m., mitt.

moda, f., fashion;
de —, in fashion, fashionable.

modo, m., way, manner, mode;
de — que, so that;
de otro —, otherwise.

mohín, m., gesture; contemptuous gesture.

mojado, da, adj., wet, damp, moist.

molde, m., mold, matrix;
en letras de —, in print.

mole, m., bulk.

moler, v.t., to grind.

molienda, f., grinding, milling, grist.

molinero, a, m./f., miller;
—s, pl., the miller and his wife.

molino, m., mill;
— harinero, flour-mill.

mona, f., she-ape, she monkey;
durmiendo la —, sleeping off his drink.

monja, f., nun.

mono, m., ape, monkey;
mono, na, adj., pretty; neat.

montante, m., broadsword;
meter el —, to interfere, to interpose; (said of one who interposes his sword between two combatants).

montar, v.t., to ride; v.i., to mount, to get up.

monte, m., mountain; wood, forest; see also under capote.

montera, f., peasant’s cap.

monterilla, f., little cap;
alcalde de —, see note [123].

monumental, adj., monumental, belonging to a monument.

moral, f., morals, good morals.

moraleja, f., moral (of a story or fable).

morder, v.t., to bite;
no se mordió la lengua, was not mealy-mouthed, was not abashed.

moreno, m., dark complexion;
moreno, na, adj., dark (of complexion).

morigerado, da, adj., careful of behaviour.

morisco, ca, adj., Moorish.

moro, m., Moor;
había —s en la costa, there were Moors at the coast, i. e. there were signs of an event to come; see note [154].

mortaja, f., shroud, winding-sheet.

mortificar, v.t., to afflict, to torment.

motivo, m., motive, reason;
con motivo de, on the occasion of.

moxte, see oxte.

mozo, a, m./f., youth, young man/woman;
buena —a, good-looking girl;
real —a, splendid woman.

muchacho, a, m./f., boy/girl.

mudar, v.t., to change; v.i., to change.

mudo, da, adj., mute.

muela, f., tooth; molar, double tooth.

muerte, f., death.

muerto, ta, adj., dead.

muestra, f., sign, indication.

mujer, f., woman, wife;
— de bien, honest woman, virtuous woman.

mulillo, a, m./f., little mule.

mulo, a, m./f., mule.

mundano, na, adj., worldly.

mundo, m., world;
todo el —, etc., everybody;
medio —, half the world.

muralla, f., wall;
— de la China, Great Wall of China.

murciano, a, m./f., Murcian, native of Murcia;
—, a, adj., of/from Murcia.

musculatura, f., muscles.

N [^Top]

nacer, v.i., to be born.

narigón, ona, adj., big-nosed.

naturalidad, f., naturalness, ingenuousness.

naturalmente, adv., by nature, naturally.

naufragio, m., shipwreck.

Navarra, f. npr., Navarre.

navarro, a, adj., Navarrese, of/from Navarre;
—, a, m./f., Navarrese man/woman

navegante, m., navigator, sailor.

nieto, a, m./f., grandchild;
vigésima —, twentieth descendant; “greatest granddaughter.”

nieve, f., snow.

nobleza, f., nobility, dignity.

nodriza, f., nurse.

nombramiento, m., appointment, nomination.

nombrar, v.t., to name, to appoint; to mention, to speak of.

notar, v.t., to note, to observe.

noticia, f., information, news;
—s, fpl., information, news.

notificar, v.t., to announce.

novedad, f., novelty, new thing; new thing, thing of importance; accident, harm; accident, mishap, adventure, event.

novio, a, m./f., bridegroom/bride.

nube, f., cloud, swarm.

nubila, Latin neuter pl., clouds.

nublado, da, adj., cloudy.

nuez, f., nut; walnut.

O [^Top]

obedecer, v.i., to obey.

obispo, m., bishop.

objetar, v.t., to object.

objeto, m., object; purpose.

obligar, v.t., to oblige, to compel.

obrilla, f., little work, little book.

obscuridad, f., darkness.

obscuro, ra, adj., obscure; dark.

obsequiar, v.t., to treat with distinction.

observar, v.t., to remark, to observe; to say; to watch.

obstante, impeding, opposing;
no —, adv. however, nevertheless.

obstinado, da, adj., obstinate, stubborn.

obstruir, v.t., to obstruct; to bar, to block.

ocasión, f., occasion; moment, time; opportunity;
en —es, occasionally, once in a while.

occidental, adj., western, occidental.

ocultar, v.t., to hide, to conceal.

ocurrencia, f., idea; incident.

ochavo, m., farthing; see notes [65] and [139].

ocho, adj. num., eight;
año de —, the year eight; see note [19].

oficio, m., office, duty, function.

¡ojalá! int., would that, oh that.

ojillo, m., little eye, small eye.

ojo, m., eye;
— de la llave, keyhole;
¡mucho —! keep your eyes open, keep a good watch, keep sharp eyes about you;
poner los —s en, cast one’s eyes on;
decirme los —s tienes negros, take any liberties with me.

olfatear, v.t., to smell, to scent.

olfato, m., scent, sense of smell.

olvidar, v.t., to forget;
—se de, v.refl., to forget; in imp. cons.

olvido, m., forgetting, forgetfulness, oblivion.

operación, f., operation;
me hace la misma —, has the same effect on me, produces the same sensation in me.

opinar, v.t., to opine.

opinión, f., opinion; reputation.

ora, adv., now;
ora… ora, at one time … at another.

Oración, f., sunset prayer, prayer at early candle-light.

orador, a, m./f., orator, speaker.

orden, m., order, arrangement, kind;
—, f., order, command; religious order.

ordenanza, m., orderly.

ordenar, v.t., to ordain.

ordinariez, f., commonness, coarseness.

ordinario, ria, adj., ordinary; vulgar, common.

orejudo, da, adj., large-eared, long-eared.

oro, m., gold;
poner de — y azul, to give SO a neat dressing down.

Otelo, m. npr., Othello.

otoñada, f., autumn season, autumn.

oveja, f., sheep.

oxte, int.;
sin decir — ni moxte, without saying boo, without opening his mouth.

P [^Top]

Pablo, m. npr., Paul; cf. guardar and note [149].

pacífico, ca, adj., peaceful.

pajar, m., straw loft, hay-loft.

pajarera, f., aviary.

pajarillo, m., little bird.

pájaro, m., bird.

pajarraco, m., bird, large bird; see note [122].

paje, m., page.

pajizo, za, adj., straw-colored, light yellow.

palabra, f., word; promise;
tomar la —, to take the floor;
de —, by word of mouth, orally.

palacio, m., palace;
en —, at home.

palillo, m., drumstick;
tocar los —s, play the castagnets.

paliza, f., beating, clubbing.

palo, m., stick, stake, pale; blow, whack.

palomar, m., dove-cote, pigeon-cote.

pámpano, m., grape, grape-vine, grape-leaf.

Pamplona, f. npr., Pampeluna, the former capital of the kingdom of Navarre; see note [89].

pan, m., bread; dough;
— de aceite, see note [104];
más bueno que el —, “as good as gold.”

paño, m., cloth, woolen stuff.

pañoleta, f., kerchief.

pañuelo, m., handkerchief.

papel, m., paper; role, part;
— sellado, stamped paper.

paraje, m., place.

parar, v.t., to stop; v.i., to stop, to arrive at, to get at;
— mientes, to consider;
—se, v.refl., to stop, to halt, to stand still; to stop at, to balk at;
sus ojos se pararon en, his eyes fell upon;
venir a — a que, to come to conclude that, to get at the fact that; to turn out that.

pardo, da, adj., gray, dark gray (with tinge of yellowish red or rust).

Pardo, m., Pardo, see note [145].

parecer, v.i., to seem; to appear; to seem, to look;
¿le parece que envíe?, shall I send, may I send?
—se, v.refl., to resemble.

parecido, m., resemblance;
—, a, adj., similar, like.

parra, f., (grape) arbor.

parral, m., grape-vine; see note [29].

parroquia, f., parish; parish-church.

participar, v.t., to communicate, to announce;
— de, to share in.

particular, m., private citizen; case, detail, fact;
—, adj., private; peculiar, singular.

partida, f., band (of guerillas); see also comerse.

partir, v.t., to split;
—se, v.refl., to split.

párvulos, mpl., children, little ones.

pasar, v.t., to pass; to endure, to undergo; to spend; v.i., to pass; to happen, to come to pass, to go on, to occur, to take place, etc.; to go; to pass through; to enter, to come in;
¿cómo lo pasa su señoría? how is your worship?
pasar aquel trago, to swallow that draught.

pasar, m., living, competence.

Pascuas, fpl., see note [34].

paseante, m., promenader; one who takes a walk for pleasure, idler.

pasear, v.t., to carry about, to take, to walk; to turn (la vista); v.i., to walk, to take a walk;
—se, v.refl., to take a walk; to walk around, to walk up and down.

paseo, m., walk, promenade;
dar un —, to take a walk.

paso, m., step; pace; tread; way, passage; threshold;
de —, at once;
al —, de —, in passing, by the way;
ceder el —, to make way.

pastor, m., shepherd;
— de cabras, goatherd.

pata, f., leg, shank;
—s de alambre, spindle-shanks.

patán, m., clown, boor, rustic.

patíbulo, m., gallows.

patio, m., court, courtyard.

patria, f., country, fatherland.

pava, f., pea-hen, turkey-hen; see pelar and note [106].

payasada, f., buffoonery.

pecaminoso, sa, adj., sinful.

pedernal, m., flint.

pedir, v.t., to ask; to ask for, to request;
como se pide, as you will, as you please, as you wish.

Pedro el Cruel, m. npr., Peter the Cruel, see note [146].

pegar, v.t., to strike, to hit;
— fuego a, to set fire to;
— la cotidiana paliza, to give the daily beating;
— los ojos, to close the eyes;
— un tiro, to shoot, to fire.

pelar, v.t., to strip, to pluck;
— la pava, to make love, to court through a window; see note [106].

pelear, v.i., to fight, to struggle.

pelo, m., hair;
con más —s y señales, more exactly, in more detail.

pelotera, f., quarrel, scolding.

pellizco, m., pinch.

pena, f., penalty, punishment; pain.

penar, v.i., to suffer.

pender, v.i., to hang, to be hanging.

penetración, f., penetration, insight.

penetrar, v.t., to penetrate, to go into; v.i., to penetrate, to enter.

Península, f., the Iberian Peninsula.

penitencia, f., penance.

Penitenciario, m., Penitentiary; see note [107].

pensado, da, adj., bethought, provided;
mal pensada, evil thinking.

peonza, f., top, whirligig.

percudirse, v.refl., to become tarnished.

perdidamente, adv., desperately, violently.

perdiguero, ra, adj., hunting; suited for hunting (partridge);
perro —, hunting dog, bird dog, retriever.

peregrinación, f., pilgrimage.

peregrino, na, adj., strange, unusual, rare.

pérfido, da, adj., faithless.

pericón, m., large fan.

periquete, m., very short period time;
en un —, in a jiffy.

perito, m., expert.

perjuicio, m., prejudice; harm, damage;
sin — de, without estoppel, reserving my right, without giving up my right.

pero, conj., but; however;
no había — que poner, as subs. m., there was no possible objection to be offered;
no hay — que valga there are no buts about it;
nada de —, there are no buts about it.

perpetuo, tua, adj., perpetual, permanent; see regidor and note [19].

perro, m., dog;
— perdiguero, hunting dog, bird dog.

perturbar, v.t., to disturb.

pervertir, v.t., to pervert.

pesar, v.t., to weigh;
a — de, in spite of.

pescuezo, m., neck.

pesebre, m., manger, feeding-rack, crib.

pesebrera, f., row of mangers.

peseta, f., peseta, see note [65].

peso, m., weight; see caerse.

pestañear, v.i., to wink; to blink.

pestiño, m., fritter; pancake; sweetmeat.

petate, m., bore; liar; bolster, mattress.

pezuña, f., hoof.

piar, v.i., to chirp.

picado, da, adj., pitted.

picar, v.t., to pick; to pick up; to break into bits; to prick.

picaresco, ca, adj., roguish, willful; see note [1].

pícaro, m., scoundrel, rogue;
—, a, adj., naughty; knavish; see note [1].

picatoste, m., bread fried in oil or butter, often with ham.

Picio;
más feo que —, uglier than mud, ugly as sin.

pico, m., point, corner; small bit;
las siete y —, a little after seven o’clock.

pie, m., foot;
a —, on foot;
de —, standing;
ponerse de —, to rise;
al — de la letra, literally, exactly, step for step;
deme un — para montar, give me a lift.

piedra, f., stone; flint.

piel, f., skin, hide;
— de toro, rawhide.

pieza, f., piece;
hecho una —, stiff;
buenas —s, scamps, scallywags.

pillar, v.t., to rob, to despoil.

pinar, m., pine-wood, pine-grove.

pincel, m., brush (painting).

pintar, v.t., to paint.

pintoresco, ca, adj., picturesque.

pío, pía, adj., pious; see Pósito and note [116].

Pirineo, m. npr., Pyrenees.

Pirineos Occidentales, m. pl. n. pr., Western Pyrenees; see note [52].

pisotear, v.t., to trample, to tread under foot, to stamp upon.

plan, m., plan, project, scheme.

planchar, v.t., to iron.

plaza, f., place, square, market-place;
sentar —, to enlist.

plazoleta, f., courtyard; little square.

plazoletilla, f., courtyard; little square.

plebe, f., people, populace.

pleito, m., law-suit.

pleno, na, adj., full; complete.

pliego, m., sheet of paper.

pluma, f., feather; pen.

población, f., village, settlement; city.

poblar, v.t., to people, to occupy.

poder, m., power, might;
—, v.i., to be able;
puede que, perhaps, maybe.

polaco, m., Pole.

polilla, f., moth; mustiness, moldiness.

político, ca, adj., political.

polvo, m., dust;
— de rapé, a pinch of snuff.

pólvora, f., powder, gunpowder.

polvorear, v.t., to powder, to dust.

pompa, f., puffing up of clothing with air; bubble in surface of a liquid; see note [163].

Ponce de León, see Zúñiga and note [76].

ponderar, v.t., to extol; to exaggerate.

poner, v.t., to place, to put, to set; to put on (of clothes), etc.; to write, to write down;
— al corriente, to inform;
— en conocimiento, to inform;
tener puesto, llevar puesto, to be wearing, to have on;
así te hemos puesto, this is the way we have treated you;
— la toda de nuevo, to furnish it all anew;
—se, v.refl., to become, to turn, to get;
cómo me he puesto, into what a state I’ve got;
poniéndose colorado, turning red, blushing;
se ha puesto perdido de polvo, has got himself all covered with dust; to place oneself, to take one’s stand; to set (the sun).

poniente, adj., setting.

portal, m., house-door, street door; entry.

portero, m., porter, janitor.

portón, m., outer door, principal door.

poseer, v.t., to possess, to own.

Pósito Pío, public storehouse, see note [116].

Pósito Real, royal storehouse, see note [116].

post, Lat. prep., after.

postizo, za, adj., false, artificial.

postrado, da, adj., prostrate.

postrimerías, fpl., last years.

postura, f., posture.

potable, adj., drinkable, fit to drink;
agua —, drinking water.

potencia, f., power, strength;
las Potencias, the Powers.

potestad, f., power.

precaverse, v.refl., to take precaution, to be on one’s guard.

precedente, adj., preceding.

preceder, v.t. and v.i., to precede.

precepto, m., rule, order, commandment;
día de —, see día and note [20].

precipicio, m., precipice.

preciso, sa, adj., necessary.

predicador, m., preacher; see note [108].

predilecto, ta, adj., favorite.

prelado, m., prelate.

prenda, f., garment.

prendar, v.t., to captivate.

prender, v.t., to arrest.

presa, f., booty, prey, spoil; weir, mill-dam.

presbiterio, m., presbytery; choir of a church.

presenciar, v.t., to witness.

presentar, v.t., to present, to proffer;
—se, v.refl., to appear, to make one’s appearance; to enter, to present oneself.

preso, a, m./f., captive, prisoner.

prestar, v.t., to lend.

pretender, v.t., to pretend, to claim.

prevenir, v.t., to inform, to summon.

prever, v.t., to foresee.

previo, via, adj., previous.

previsión, f., expectation.

prima, f., prime; cf. misa.

primicia, f., first-fruit;
—s, etc., first-fruits, offering of first-fruits; see note [17].

principalísimo, ma, adj., very noble, very high-born.

principiar, v.i., to begin, to have beginning.

principio, m., principle; beginning, origin, source; entrée, side-dish.

pro, m. and f., benefit, advantage, good.

proceder, m., action, proceeding, conduct.

procedimiento, m., proceeding, happening.

procurar, v.t., to see to it, to make sure, to take care; v.i., to try, to seek, to make an effort.

prodigio, m., prodigy, marvel.

proferir, v.t., to utter, to speak.

propasarse, v.refl., to forget oneself.

propio, pia, adj., own; exact, very; peculiar, individual; same; natural; belonging;
al — tiempo, at the same time;
del — modo, in the same way;
la —a estampa, the very image, etc.;
— de, etc., peculiar to, natural to, etc.

proponer, v.t., to propose;
—se, v.refl., to propose, to decide, to intend.

propósito, m., intention, design.

prorrumpir, v.i., to burst out, to exclaim.

proseguir, v.i., to go on, to continue.

protervo, va, adj., insolent.

proveer, v.t., to provide.

provocativo, va, adj., irritating, charming, suggestive.

puchero, m., stew; (usually of beef or mutton, with garbanzos; the traditional staple dish of Spain).

pudrirse, v.refl., to rot.

pueblecillo, m., hamlet.

puertecilla, f., little door.

pues, adv., then; so; accordingly; since; well; for; now;
— sí, yes indeed, I tell you.

pulcro, cra, adj., handsome, beautiful, neat, graceful.

pulidez, f., elegance, smoothness, refinement.

pulmonía, f., pneumonia.

pulso, m., pulse;
vino de —, home-made wine.

¡pum! bang!

puntapié, m., kick.

puntillas, fpl., tip-toes;
andar de —, to go on tip-toes.

punto, m., point; spot; moment;
en —, exactly, punctually, sharp;
— y hora, hour and minute;
— de llegada y descanso, stopping and resting place.

puñal, m., dagger.

puñetazo, m., blow (with the clenched fist);
andando de —s con sus lágrimas, fighting his tears with his fists.

puño, m., fist.

pupila, f., pupil (of the eye).

Purísima, see María and note [92].

Q [^Top]

Q(ue) D(ios) G(uarde), whom God preserve.

queda, f., taps; curfew.

quedar, v.i., to stay, to remain, to be left; to continue; to be;
—se, v.refl., to stay, to remain, to stop.

quehacer, m., business, duty, chore.

quejarse, v.refl., to complain.

querer, v.t., to like, to love; to be willing, to consent; to wish, to desire; to expect; to try;
querer decir, to mean, signify;
quiera el Cielo, Heaven grant.

Quevedo, npr., Spanish essayist, satirist, poet, wit, and politician (1580-1645); see note [59].

quinto, ta, adj., fifth; see note [98].

quiroteca, f., glove, see note [79].

quitar, v.t., to take away, to remove;
—se, v.refl., to take off; to go away;
¡quita! get out, go away, stop;
¡quita allá! go away.

R [^Top]

rabadilla, f., rump.

racimo, m., grape, bunch of grapes, etc.

ramblilla, f., hollow or low way; road/path along dry stream bed see note [85].

ramillo, m., little branch, twig.

ramo, m., branch;
—s de lujo, extra branches, fancy accomplishments;
rama, f., branch; stalk;
en —, on the stalk..

rancho, m., mess; encampment; camp.

rancio, cia, adj., old, antiquated, musty.

rapé, m., rappee, snuff.

rascar, v.t., to scratch.

ratero, ra, adj., thievish, pocket-picking.

rayo, m., ray;
— visual, field of vision.

razón, f., reason;
tener —, to be right;
entender de razones, to listen to reason.

real, adj., royal, real;
— moza, stunning girl, handsome woman.

real, m., real; see note [65].

realce, m., relief embroidery; elegant work;
de —, elegantly, richly.

rebajar, v.t., to lower, to reduce.

rebelde, adj., rebellious.

rebonito, ta, adj., very pretty, exceedingly pretty.

rebuznar, v.i., to bray.

rebuzno, m., bray, braying.

recargo, m., increase, extra charge; see note [116].

recato, m., honor, modesty.

recaudo, m., security, guaranty;
a buen —, under lock and key.

recelar, v.i.. to fear; to suspect.

receloso, sa, adj., suspicious, jealous.

recibimiento, m., reception; antechamber, anteroom.

recio, m., thick; stout.

recitar, v.t., to recite.

recobrar, v.t., to recover.

recogerse, v.refl., to withdraw, to retire, to go home.

recogido, da, adj., gathered, brought together.

reconcentrado, da, adj., intense, suppressed.

recreativo, va, adj., recreative.

red, f., net, snare; network; wicker-work.

referir, v.t., to recount, to relate, to mention;
—se, v.refl., to refer, to have reference.

reflexionar, v.i., to reflect, to think.

refrán, m., saw, refrain, proverb.

refregar, v.t., to rub; to display, to hold before.

regalado, da, adj., spoiled, pampered.

regalar, v.t., to give, to present.

regar, v.t., to sprinkle.

régimen, m., regimen, normal course of action;
regímenes, pl., régime, government.

regidor, m., town-councilor; municipal councilor.

regocijarse, v.refl., to rejoice, to be glad, to be pleased.

regocijo, m., joy, mirth, merriment, hilarity.

regular, adj., regular, ordinary; usual, natural; mediocre; moderate; proper, fitting, decent.

regularidad, f., regularity, evenness.

reinado, m., reign (of monarch).

reinar, v.i., to reign.

reino, m., kingdom.

reja, f., grating; casement.

relación, f., relation; counting up, reckoning; tale, story;
con — a, in relation to, in comparison with.

relampaguear, v.i., to flash, to sparkle.

relámpago, m., flash, lightning flash.

remate, m., end, limit.

remedar, v.t., to mimic, to copy.

remedio, m., remedy, cure.

remojón, m., soaking, ducking.

rencor, m., rancor, grudge;
guardar —, to bear a grudge, to bear malice.

rendir, v.t., to overcome, to subdue, to win;
—se, v.refl., to yield.

renta, f., tax; revenue, income, See note [17].

rentilla, f., tax, contribution, See note [17].

reñir, v.i., to fight.

reo, m., criminal;
— en capilla, criminal under death sentence, condemned criminal; see note [130].

reparar, v.i. (en), to consider, to remember; to notice, to become aware.

repecho, m., slope.

Repela, m. npr., Repela; see note [19].

repique, m., chime.

replicar, v.t., to reply, to answer; to contradict, to object.

reponer, v.t., to answer, to reply; to rejoin; to replace, to put back.

reposado, da, adj., calm, peaceful, untroubled.

reposo, m., repose.

representar, v.t., to play (a part).

requebrar, v.t., to court, to pay court to.

reserva, f., reserve, secrecy.

reservado, da, adj., private, secret.

resonar, v.i., to sound, to resound.

resorte, m., spring.

respeo, See respeto.

respetable, adj., reputable, respectable, considerable, imposing.

respetar, v.t., to respect.

respeto, m., respect; see faltar.

resplandor, m., splendor, brilliancy.

responder, v.i., to answer; to reply;
— de, to answer for, to guarantee, to warrant, to assure.

restablecer, v.t., to re-establish.

resueltamente, adv., resolutely.

resulta, f., result, consequence; sum, amount;
por resultas de, in consequence of, because of;
de resultas de, by reason of, through.

resultado, m., result.

resultar, v.i., to result; to follow, to proceed; to turn out, to come out.

retaco, m., fowling-piece.

retintín, m., special emphasis, added emphasis.

retirar, v.t., to draw, to withdraw;
—se, v.refl., to withdraw, to retire.

retorcer, v.t., to twist, to wrinkle; see hocico.

retratar, v.t., to portray, to paint, to picture, to describe.

retreta, f., tattoo.

retroceder, v.i., to draw back, to step back.

retrospectivo, va, adj., retrospective, ex post facto.

reunión, f., meeting, gathering; assemblage, persons present.

reunir, v.t., to collect, to get together, to gather together, to assemble;
—se, v.refl., to meet, to assemble, to come together.

revelar, v.t., to reveal, to betray.

reventar, v.t., to weary, to wear out; v.i., to burst;
reventó de feo, was so ugly he burst; see note [112].

reverencia, f., reverence; courtesy, bow.

reverendo, da, adj., reverend;
reverendo Obispo, Right Reverend Bishop.

revés, m., back-handed blow.

revestirse, v.refl., to clothe oneself.

revolución, f., revolution;
la Revolución, the French Revolution.

revuelto, ta, adj., unquiet, disordered, stormy.

rezar, v.t. and v.i., to pray;
rezando sus devociones, performing their devotions, saying their prayers.

riente, adj., laughing, smiling.

riñón, m., kidney;
riñones, pl., kidneys, small of the back.

risa, f., laughter.

risotada, f., loud laughter, burst of laughter.

Rívoli, npr., Rivoli; see note [11].

rociar, v.t., to moisten, to sprinkle.

rodar, v.i., to roll.

rodear, v.t., to surround, to wrap about.

rodilla, f., knee;
ponerse de rodillas, to kneel, to fall on one’s knees.

roer, v.t., to chew; to gnaw.

rogativa, f., petition, prayer;
rogativas, pl., week of prayer; season of prayer.

romance, m., ballad; see note [5].

romancero, m., collection of ballads; see note [6].

romano, na, adj., Roman.

ronda, f., round, patrol.

Rosa, f. npr., Rose.

rosario, m., rosary; see note [22].

rosco, m., doughnut, cruller; pretzel.

roseta, f.;
— de maíz, popcorn, see note [31].

Rubens, npr., Peter Paul Rubens, see note [90].

rúbrica, f., flourish; signature; see note [119].

rugido, m., roar, bellow.

rugir, v.i., to roar, to bellow.

ruindad, f., baseness, meanness; malice.

ruinoso, sa, adj., ruinous, decaying.

rumor, m., sound.

S [^Top]

S(u) M(ajestad), His Majesty.

sábado, m., Saturday;
Sábado de Gloria, Holy Saturday, see note [57].

sabio, bia, adj., learned.

saborear, v.t., to relish, to enjoy, to taste.

sabroso, sa, adj., delicious.

sacar, v.t., to take out; to extract, to get out;
— los ojos, to tear out the eyes, scratch out the eyes;
sáqueme de dudas, relieve me of my doubts, bring me out of doubt, clear up my doubts.

sacerdote, m., priest.

sacramental, adj., sacramental; see note [26].

Sacramento, m., Sacrament.

sacrificador, m., immolator.

sacrificio, m., sacrifice.

sacristán, m., sacristan, sexton.

sacudir, v.t., to shake, to shake off;
— una guantada, to slap, to give a slap.

sagrado, da, adj., sacred, consecrated.

sainete, m., farce; see note [26].

sal, f., salt; wit.

sala, f., room, drawing-room; hall.

salida, f., exit, way out, outlet; see callejón.

salir, v.i., to go/come out, to come from;
— a luz, to come to light, to become known, to be told;
qué bien sale la molienda, how well the grist comes out, turns out;
¡ahora salimos con eso! now we’re coming out with it!
— para, to set out for, to start for;
— como una flecha, to set off like an arrow;
— huyendo, to run away, to start off;
— a flote, to come to the surface;
— el sol, to rise, to come up.

salón, m., drawing-room, parlor; room, hall.

saltar, v.i., to leap, to jump, to hop;
están saltando por justificar, are bursting to justify.

salto, m., leap, spring.

salud, f., health.

saludable, adj., wholesome.

saludar, v.t., to salute, to greet.

salvación, f., salvation, safety.

salvar, v.t., to save;
todo se ha salvado, all is saved, everything is all right;
—se, v.refl., to gain safety, save oneself.

San Francisco, m. npr., St. Francis; see cordonazo and note [102].

San Judas, m. npr., St. Jude; see note [160].

San Miguel, m. npr., St. Michael; see note [93].

San Quintín, m. npr., St. Quentin; see note [114].

San Simón, m. npr., St. Simon; see note [160].

sanctificado, da, adj., sanctified.

sano, na, adj., healthy; wholesome; unerring, fitting.

santidad, f., sanctity.

sarcástico, ca, adj., bitter, ironical; sarcastic.

sarga, f., serge.

sargento, m., sergeant; local governor; see note [112].

sarmiento, m., vine-shoot.

sátiro, m., satyr.

sazón, f., season;
a la —, at the time, at that time.

sazonar, v.t., to season.

secreto, m., secret; secrecy.

secreto, ta, adj., secret; see ronda.

seda, f., silk.

seducir, v.t., to seduce, to corrupt.

seglar, m., layman;
—es, pl., the laity;
—, adj., secular.

seguida, f., continuation, sequel;
en —, thereupon, forthwith.

seguimiento, m., pursuit.

seguir, v.t., to follow up, to pursue; v.i., to follow, to proceed, to continue; to be, to continue to be; to keep on;
seguido, followed, attended.

según, prep., according to, following;
— que, conj., just as, according as, as, etc.

segurísimo, ma, adj., very sure, very certain, most sure.

seguro, ra, adj., certain, sure;
de —, of course, surely.

sellar, v.t., to seal, to stamp.

semblante, m., aspect, appearance; face.

sembrado, m., field; ploughed, cultivated field.

semejante, adj., similar, like; such a, such an.

seminario, m., seminary, sp. theological seminary.

sendos, das, adj., each one; apiece;
— arracadas en sus orejas, an earring in each of her ears;
— garrotes, each one with a club, a club apiece;
— miradas, sincere, whole-hearted glances or perhaps each a glance.

sentar, v.t., to set, to set down;
— plaza, to enlist; v.i., to agree (of food); to fit, to become (of clothes);
— mal, to disagree;
—se, v.refl., to sit down, to take a seat, to seat oneself.

sentido, m., direction; sense;
—, da, adj., sensible, feeling; sensitive.

sentimental, adj., sentimental.

sentimiento, m., sentiment, feeling;
—s, pl., feelings.

sentir, v.t. and v.i., to feel; to hear; to regret, to be sorry.

seña, f., sign, signal;
por —s, as stronger proof, by way of proof;
por más —s, by way of closer description.

señá, f., Mrs., Mistress; see note [42].

señal, m., mark, sign; see pelo.

señalar, v.t., to point out, to indicate.

señor, m., master; owner; lord; gentleman; in direct address, sir;
señores, pl., ladies and gentlemen.

señora, f., lady; wife; mistress;
Nuestra Señora, Our Lady.

señoría, f., lordship, worship;
su —, his worship, your worship.

señorío, m., high society, upper crust.

señorón, m., distinguished gentleman; high-born gentleman.

separar, v.t., to separate, to divide; to lift.

ser, m., being, existence;
Ser Supremo, Supreme Being; see note [40].

serenarse, v.refl., to calm oneself.

sereno, na, adj., serene, peaceful, calm; all’s well!

seriedad, f., seriousness.

servidumbre, f., servants, household.

sesión, f., session, sitting;
salón de sesiones, assembly-hall, assembly room.

seto, m., fence; hedge.

sibilante, adj., whistling, hissing.

siembra, f., sowed field, planted field.

sierpe, f., snake, serpent.

siesta, f., siesta, afternoon nap;
dormir la —, to take a nap.

sifón, m., underground conduit.

silbar, v.i., to hiss.

sin, prep., without, except;
— embargo, notwithstanding, however;
— que, conj., without.

siquiera, adv., even; at least;
ni —, not even.

sirena, f., siren.

sirvienta, f., servant, maidservant.

sobar, v.t., to knead; see note [103].

soberanía, f., majesty.

soberano, m., sovereign;
—, a, adj., exquisite, admirable, splendid.

sobornar, v.t., to suborn, to bribe.

sobresaltado, da, adj., amazed, astonished, thunderstruck.

sobresaltar, v.t., to startle.

sobrino, a, m./f., nephew/niece.

socarronería, f., cunning, craft.

socorrer, v.t., to help, to succor.

socorro, m., help, aid, succor.

Solán de Cabras, m. npr., Solán de Cabras, see note [164].

solemne, adj., solemn, formal; enormous, huge.

soler, v.i., to be accustomed, to be used;
solía tener celos, used to be jealous.

solicitud, f., attention; request, application.

soltar, v.t., to set down, to put down; to release, to set free, to let go of.

sollozo, m., sob.

sombra, f., shadow, shade.

sombrero, m., hat;
— de tres picos, three cornered hat; cocked hat;
— de copa, tall hat, top hat, stove pipe hat.

sonar, v.i., to sound, to resound.

sondear, v.t., to sound.

sonreír, v.i., to smile.

sonrisa, f., smile.

sopa, f., sop;
hecho una —, as wet as sop, sopping wet.

sordo, da, adj., deaf; dull.

sorprender, v.t., to surprise; to take by surprise.

sorpresa, f., surprise.

sortear, v.t., to guess at.

sortija, f., ring, finger-ring.

sosegado, da, adj., quiet, peaceful, calm.

sosegar, v.t., to quiet, to calm.

sospecha, f., suspicion.

sospechar, v.t., to suspect.

suave, adj., gentle.

subido, da, adj. (of sleeves), short, pulled up.

subordinado, m., subaltern, subordinate.

subsidio, m., subsidy.

suceder, v.i., to happen, to take place, to occur.

sucesión, f., issue, progeny.

sucesivamente, adv., successively.

sucesivo, va, adj., succeeding;
lo —, the future.

sudar, v.i., to sweat.

sudario, m., winding-sheet.

sudor, m., sweat.

suelo, m., ground, floor; cf. arrastrar.

sueño, m., sleep; dream.

suerte, f., fate, destiny; luck, fortune.

suficiente, adj., sufficient; large enough.

sufrir, v.t., to suffer, to endure.

sumamente, adj., exceedingly, extremely; very.

sumido, adj., drawn, sunken; cf. boca.

sumo, ma, adj., most, highest;
a lo —, at the most.

superfluo, flua, adj., superfluous.

superior, m., superior.

superlativo, va, adj., superlative.

súplica, f., entreaty.

suplicante, adj., suppliant, beseeching.

suponer, v.t. and v.i., to suppose.

suposición, f., supposition; distinction, eminence.

supremo, ma, adj., highest, supreme.

suprimir, v.t., to suppress, to abolish.

supuesto, ta, adj., supposed;
— que, since, inasmuch;
por —, of course.

suspirar, v.i., to sigh.

susto, m., fright.

susurrar, v.t., to whisper.

T [^Top]

tabaco, m., tobacco.

taberna, f., tavern; inn; public-house.

tabla, f., plank.

táctica, f., tactics.

tacha, f., defect.

tal, adj., such (a); so and so; so constituted;
— o cual, this or that, one or another;
con — de, provided that, on condition that;
— y como, just exactly;
tratarle como a —, to treat him as such.

talión, m., retaliation, reprisal;
pena del —, lex talionis, law of reprisals.

talón, m., heel.

talonazo, m., dig (with heel); cf. puntapié.

talla, f., stature; height; figure.

taller, m., shop, workshop;
— de carpintería, carpenter shop.

tambalearse, v.refl., to stagger.

tapar, v.t., to cover.

tardar, v.i., to delay, to be late.

tarea, f., task, care.

tartamudear, v.i., to stammer.

tasar, v.t. (en), to assess, to tax, to value.

tataranieta, f., great-great-granddaughter.

teatral, adj., theatrical, dramatic; formal.

teatro, m., theatre, scene.

techo, m., roof; ceiling.

tejer, v.t., to weave.

telar, m., loom.

telaraña, f., cobweb.

temblar, v.i., to tremble; to shake;
— a, to tremble before, to be afraid of.

temblor, m., tremor.

temer, v.t., to fear.

temeroso, sa, adj., fearful, timid; afraid, fearing.

temporal, adj., temporal, worldly;
lo —, things temporal.

tender, v.t., to spread, to set.

tentador, dora, adj., tempting.

tentar, v.t., to feel.

tercia, f., third;
tercias, pl., king’s share of ecclesiastical tithe; see note [17].

terciana, f., tertian; tertian ague or illness (intermittent or every third day).

término, m., district, limit.

ternura, f., tenderness.

terremoto, m., earthquake.

tertulia, f., assembly, coterie, circle, club; see note [23].

tertuliano, m., member of a tertulia.

testamento, m., will, testament.

testigo, m., witness.

testimonio, m., testimony.

tétrico, ca, adj., gloomy, unfriendly, dreary.

tía, f., aunt;
— Josefa, see note [2].

Ticiano, Tiziano, m. npr., Titian; see note [96].

tiempo, m., time; season;
a —, opportunely; in time;
en otro —, in other times, in another time;
hacer —, to pass the time, to kill time.

tienta, f., sound, probe;
a —s, groping.

tiento, m., caution, circumspection.

tierno, na, adj., tender.

timbre, m., timbre, quality.

tinieblas, fpl., darkness.

tinte, m., tint, tinge.

tío, m., uncle; see note [2].

tiranía, f., tyranny.

tirar, v.t., to throw; to pull (out); to throw down;
le tiraba un pellizco, gave him a pinch, was giving him a pinch.

tiro, m., shot; see pegar.

titilar, v.t., to tickle.

titular, adj., titular (holding empty name or title);
río —, titular river, river by courtesy.

título, m., title, right, claim; titulary, titled person.

tocar, v.t., to touch; to concern; to play; v.i., to fall to, to belong to;
— la guitarra, etc., to play;
me toca a mí, it is my business/concern; it is my turn;
el esquilón toca a vísperas, the bell is ringing for vespers;
— de camino en el corregimiento, to stop along the way at the mayor’s residence;
—en la tierra, to touch the ground.

tomar, v.t., to take (away); to eat; to drink
— la cara, to chuck under the chin, to stroke the face;
— la palabra, to take the floor;
— por, to take for, to mistake for;
— por aquí, to turn this way, to go this way;
— por la escalera arriba, to go up the stair;
¡toma! etc., why! well! rather! I should think so! so!

tomate, m., tomato.

tonadilla, f., interlude.

Toñuelo, m. npr., Tony.

toque, m., ringing, sounding, tolling;
— de queda, curfew.

torcido, da, adj., twisted, crooked.

tormenta, f., storm; upheaval, torture.

tornar, v.i., to return, to go back.

torno, m., turning;
en — de, round about.

torpe, adj., base, vile; slow, stupid.

torpeza, f., stupidity, dullness.

torre, f., tower.

torta, f., cake.

tórtola, f., turtle-dove;
color de —, dove color.

tos, f., cough.

tosco, ca, adj., rough, rude.

toser, v.i., to cough.

trabuco, m., blunderbuss.

tragi-cómico, ca, adj., tragicomic.

trago, m., swallow, mouthful; drop, draught.

traicionero, ra, adj., treacherous.

traje, m., costume, clothing.

tranca, f., bar, cross-bar.

tranquilizar, v.t., to quiet, to calm.

transfigurar, v.t., to transfigure; to change form or appearance;
—se, v.refl., to become transfigured.

transigir, v.i., to compromise.

tránsito, m., transition.

transcurrir, v.i., to pass (of time).

trascendental, adj., transcendental.

trasladar, v.t., to remove;
—se, v.refl., to move.

traslucirse, v.refl., to be revealed, to be disclosed; to suggest itself.

trasluz, m., glimmer;
al —, against the light.

Trastévere, m. npr., Trastevere; see note [48].

trastienda, f., mental reservation, hidden intention.

trastornar, v.t., to turn upside down, to turn topsy-turvy, to unsettle.

trastorno, m., overthrow, upsetting.

tratamiento, m., title.

trato, m., conduct, bearing, intercourse.

travesura, f., mischief, roguishness.

travieso, sa, adj., naughty, capricious, wayward; bad; oblique, cross;
a campo —, across country.

trazar, v.t., to trace, to mark; to mark out, to lay out.

tribulación, f., tribulation, affliction.

trigo, m., wheat; grain.

trompa, f., trunk (of an elephant).

tronar, v.i., to thunder.

tropa, f., troop;
misa de —, regimental mass;
tropas, pl., troops.

tul, m., tulle.

tunante, m., loafer; vagabond.

turbarse, v.refl., to become embarrassed, to become confused.

tute, m., tute, a game of cards.

U [^Top]

ufanarse, v.refl., to be proud, to be puffed up, to brag.

ufanía, f., complacency, self-satisfaction, pride.

uña, f., nail, finger-nail.

urgir, v.i., to be urgent, to press, to urge.

Usarcé (corruption of vuestra/vuesa merced), you, your worship.

Usía (corruption of vuestra/vuesa señoría), your worship, your lord ship.

Usted (corruption of vuestra/vuesa merced), you.

Utrera, f. npr., Utrera; see note [112].

uva, f., grape.

V [^Top]

vago, ga, adj., vague, uncertain;
en —, without support, unsteadily, too near the edge.

valer, v.t., to protect, to help; v.i., to be worth, to be of account/avail; to count;
cuánto vales, what a good one you are.

valerosamente, adv., bravely, valorously.

valeroso, sa, adj., valorous, doughty.

valiente, adj., valiant, gallant, brave; strong, capable, excellent.

valientemente, adv., valiantly.

valor, m., worth; bravery, valor.

valle, m., vale, valley.

vanidad, f., vanity.

vanidoso, sa, adj., vain.

vara, f., unit of length (33.68 inches); rod; staff, stick.

variedad, f., variety.

vario, ria, adj., various.

varón, m., man, male.

varonil, adj., manly, manlike.

Varsovia, f. npr., Warsaw.

vástago, m., bud, shoot; off-shoot, offspring (of children).

¡vaya! see ir.

vecino, m., neighbor; inhabitant, freeman.

vejete, m., old man; ridiculous old man.

vejez, f., old age.

velar, v.t., to veil, to conceal.

veleta, f., vane, weathercock.

velón, m., lamp, oil lamp; see note [110].

vena, f., vein.

vencedor, m., conqueror.

vencer, v.t., to conquer, to overcome.

vender, v.t., to sell; to betray.

Venecia, f. npr., Venice.

venenoso, sa, adj., venomous, poisonous.

venganza, f., vengeance.

vengar, v.t., to avenge;
—se, v.refl., to take revenge/vengeance, to be avenged, to avenge oneself.

venida, f., coming; arrival.

venir, v.i., to come;
venga, let’s have; let it be, have it;
—se, v.refl., to come away, to come along.

venta, f., sale.

ventanillo, m., small window.

ventear, v.t., to scent, to get wind of.

ventilar, v.t., to ventilate; to make clear, to have out.

ventura, f., fortune; good fortune; happiness;
el/la sin —, the unhappy man/woman, the poor fellow/wretch.

Ventura Caro, npr., see note [51].

ver, v.t., to see;
a —, hello, here, let’s see, come;
como si lo viera, it’s as if I had seen it, as plain as if I had seen it, as it were before my eyes;
visto que, since, seeing that;
era visto, it was plain;
por lo visto, as we see.

ver, m., aspect, appearance.

verano, m., summer, summer time.

veras, fpl., truth, earnest;
de —, really, truly, seriously, in earnest.

verbi gracia, verbigracia, v. gr., for example.

verdad, f., truth;
es —, it is true, it is so.

verdaderamente, adv., truly, really.

verdadero, ra, adj., real, veritable, true.

verde, adj., green; unripe; indecent, strong of language, (blue, yellow).

verdoso, sa, adj., greenish.

vergüenza, f., shame;
sin —, m./f., shameless fellow.

verter, v.t., to shed (tears); to pour.

vespertino, na, adj., evening, belonging to the evening.

vestido, m., costume; garment, clothes, dress.

vestimenta, f., clothing.

vestir, v.t., to dress, to wear, to have on; v.i., to dress;
—se, v.refl., to dress, to dress oneself.

vez, f., time, turn; stead;
de — en cuando, from time to time, now and then;
en — de, in place of, instead of, by way of;
a su —, in his turn, in her turn;
otra —, once more, again;
alguna —, ever, sometime;
tal —, perhaps, perchance.

vía, f., way;
por — de, by way of.

vida, f., life;
por — de …, upon my word, for heaven’s sake;
por — de los hombres, man alive, for heaven’s sake.

vídose, (vulgar) past tense of ver se, see note [78].

vigésimo, ma, adj., twentieth.

vigilia, f., wakefulness, sitting-up.

vil, adj., vile, low, base;
—, m., wretch, vile creature.

villano, m., villager; low-born fellow;
villano, na, adj., low, base.

vinagre, m., vinegar;
hecho un —, sourly.

vino, m., wine;
— de pulso, home-made wine.

violencia, f., violence; act of violence.

violento, ta, adj., violent.

Virgen, f., the Virgin; image of the Virgin; see Cármen and note [143].

virtud, f., virtue;
en — de, by virtue of, as consequence of.

virtuosísimo, ma, adj., most virtuous.

viruelas, fpl., small-pox.

visita, f., visit;
volver de —, to revisit.

vísperas, fpl., vespers.

vista, f., sight; glance, eye;
le echó la — encima, cast his eyes upon him;
había seguido con la —, had followed with his eye.

vistoso, sa, adj., brilliant, gorgeous;
lo —, the gorgeousness.

visual, adj., visual; see rayo.

viuda, f., widow.

viveza, f., liveliness.

vivienda, f., dwelling, dwelling-place.

vivir, v.i., to live;
vive Dios, as God lives.

vivo, va, adj., alive; intense, lively.

voltereta, f., tumble, upsetting.

voluntad, f., will; good-will.

volver, v.t., to turn; v.i., to return, to turn back; to go back; to do again;
— en sí, to come to, to come to oneself, to regain one’s senses;
—se, v.refl., to return; to turn.

voto, m., vow, prayer;
— a Lucifer, by Lucifer, I swear by Lucifer.

voz, f., voice;
a media —, in a low voice, in a low tone;
dar voces, to scream, to cry.

vuelta, f., return;
estar de —, hallarse de —, to have returned, to be back;
tomar la —, to start back.

vuestro, tra, adj. poss., your;
— Ilustrísima, — Merced, — Paternidad, — Reverencia, — Señoría, see note [37].

vulgar, adj., common.

vulgo, m., common people, common herd.

Y [^Top]

ya, adv., already, now;
¡ya! so, now we have it.

yesca, f., tinder; see echar.

Z [^Top]

zafio, fia, adj., clownish, boorish, rude.

zalameramente, adv., coaxingly, wheedlingly.

zalamería, f., excessive flattery, insincere flattery.

zalamero, ra, adj., excessively flattering, insincerely flattering.

zancajada, f., stride.

zarpa, f., claw.

zorro, m., fox.

zozobra, f., anxiety, anguish.

zumbón, adj., waggish.

Zúñiga y Ponce de León, npr., see note [76].